ASTM D7454-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the sample.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus.
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18-mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a 0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7454 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
1
Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those particles that
have not been subject to laboratory crushing.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a
density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum
collection of particles of a specified particle size range to the
coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-
volume occupied.
automatic apparatus.
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n— of coke, those par-
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles
ticles of petroleum coke that have been crushed in the
passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a
laboratory.
1.18-mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but
not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing
4. Summary of Test Method
through a 0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm
4.1 The natural 4.75 by 1.18-mm fraction of the original
opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other
cokeisseparatedfromthesamplebymanualscreening,ground
sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as
to 0.85 by 0.425 mm, and fed at a controlled rate into a
specified in Annex A1.
graduated cylinder on a vibrating table until the coke reaches
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the 50-mL mark. The collected coke is weighed and the bulk
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
density is calculated and reported in g/mL.
standard.
4.2 The procedure is empirical; close adherence to the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
technique and apparatus is necessary to ensure reproducible
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
results. To provide comparable results in different locations,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
exact adjustments of operating parameters are required using
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reference samples.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk
Sieves
density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
dependent upon average particle size and particle size range.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A
narrowparticlesizerangeforthistestminimizesthepossibility
3. Terminology
for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either
3.1 Definitions:
screen defining the sample.)
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 6.1 Pan Balance—Accurate to 0.1 g, with a capacity of
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2.0 kg.
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally 6.2 Riffle Sampler—Enclosed drawer, approximately 380 by
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7454 – 08. DOI:
290 by 360 mm, 24-slot.
10.1520/D7454-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.3 Sieves—Meeting Specification E11.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4 Sieve Shaker—Electrical drive with an automatic timer;
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. should have a rotating and tapping action.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7454 − 14
6.5 Roller Crusher—Laboratory type; glass hardened rolls; 6.7.11 Round Level.
roll diameter of approximately 150 mm; roll width of approxi- 6.7.12 Balance—0 to 300 g and sensitive to 0.01 g.
mately 150 mm; gap range from 0 to 12.7 mm.
7. Hazards
6.6 Thickness Gauges (leaf-type)—0.4, 1.0, 1.5, and
4.0 mm.
7.1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7454 − 08 D7454 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
1
Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after
vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus.
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18-mm
opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a
0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions
being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those particles that have not been subject to laboratory crushing.
3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a collection of particles of a specified particle size range to the volume
occupied.
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n— of coke, those particles of petroleum coke that have been crushed in the laboratory.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The natural 4.75 by 1.18-mm fraction of the original coke is separated from the sample by manual screening, ground to 0.85
by 0.425 mm, and fed at a controlled rate into a graduated cylinder on a vibrating table until the coke reaches the 50-mL mark.
The collected coke is weighed and the bulk density is calculated and reported in g/mL.
4.2 The procedure is empirical; close adherence to the technique and apparatus is necessary to ensure reproducible results. To
provide comparable results in different locations, exact adjustments of operating parameters are required using reference samples.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008May 1, 2014. Published October 2008 May 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D7454 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D7454-08.10.1520/D7454-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7454 − 14
upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size
range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the
sample.)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pan Balance—Accurate to 0.1 g, with a capacity of 2.0 kg.
6.2 Riffle Sampler—Enclosed drawer, approximately 380 by 290 by 360 mm, 24-slot.
6.3 Sieves—Meeting Specification E11.
6.4 Sieve Shaker—Electrical drive with an
...
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