ASTM E1458-12(2016)

Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method permits a user to compare the performance of an instrument to the tolerance limit specifications stated by a manufacturer and to verify that an instrument is suitable for continued routine use. It also provides for generation of calibration data on a periodic basis, forming a database from which any changes in the performance of the instrument will be evident.  
4.2 This test method for the calibration verification of laser diffraction particle sizing instruments is suitable for acceptance testing of laser diffraction instruments so long as current estimates of the bias (see Section 11) and the between-laboratory precision of the test method (see Section 10) are acceptably small relative to typical laser diffraction instrument accuracy specifications; see Practice D3244.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure necessary to permit a user to easily verify that a laser diffraction particle sizing instrument is operating within tolerance limit specifications, for example, such that the instrument accuracy is as stated by the manufacturer. The recommended calibration verification method provides a decisive indication of the overall performance of the instrument at the calibration point or points, but it is specifically not to be inferred that all factors in instrument performance are verified. In effect, use of this test method will verify the instrument performance for applications involving spherical particles of known refractive index where the near-forward light scattering properties are accurately modeled by the instrument data processing and data reduction software. The precision and bias limits presented herein are, therefore, estimates of the instrument performance under ideal conditions. Nonideal factors that could be present in actual applications and that could significantly increase the bias errors of laser diffraction instruments include vignetting4 (that is, where light scattered at large angles by particles far away from the receiving lens does not pass through the receiving lens and therefore does not reach the detector plane), the presence of nonspherical particles, the presence of particles of unknown refractive index, and multiple scattering.  
1.2 This test method shall be used as a significant test of the instrument performance. While the procedure is not designed for extensive calibration adjustment of an instrument, it shall be used to verify quantitative performance on an ongoing basis, to compare one instrument performance with that of another, and to provide error limits for instruments tested.  
1.3 This test method provides an indirect measurement of some of the important parameters controlling the results in particle sizing by laser diffraction. A determination of all parameters affecting instrument performance would come under a calibration adjustment procedure.  
1.4 This test method shall be performed on a periodic and regular basis, the frequency of which depends on the physical environment in which the instrumentation is used. Thus, units handled roughly or used under adverse conditions (for example, exposed to dust, chemical vapors, vibration, or combinations thereof) shall undergo a calibration verification more frequently than those not exposed to such conditions. This procedure shall be performed after any significant repairs are made on an instrument, such as those involving the optics, detector, or electronics.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2016
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: E29 - Particle and Spray Characterization
• Drafting Committee: E29.02 - Non-Sieving Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1458 −12 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing
Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There exists a large variety of techniques and instruments for the sizing of particles and droplets in
fluid suspension. These instruments are based on a number of different physical phenomena and
interlaboratory comparisons of data on, for example, reference liquid sprays have shown significant
variability. This test method evolved in conjunction with efforts to explain the observed variability.
Theeffectivenessofthistestmethodcanbetracedtothefactitcircumventsdifficultiesassociatedwith
producing, replicating, and maintaining a standard sample of liquid particles in a spray. This test
method uses a photomask reticle to provide a simulation of some of the optical properties of a
referencepopulationofsphericalparticles.Thistestmethodisonlyapplicabletoopticalparticlesizing
instruments that are based on measurement and analysis of light scattered in the forward direction by
particles illuminated by a light beam. Since modern optical instruments generally use a laser to
produce a light beam, and since the light scattered in the forward direction by particles can often be
accurately described using diffraction theory approximations, the class of instruments for which this
test method applies have become generally known as laser diffraction particle sizing instruments.
2,3
Because it is specifically Fraunhofer diffraction theory that is used in the approximation, these
instruments are also known as Fraunhofer diffraction particle sizing instruments.
The diffraction approximation to the general problem of electromagnetic wave scattering by
particles is strictly valid only if three conditions are satisfied. The conditions are: particle sizes must
be significantly larger than the optical wavelength, particle refractive indices must be significantly
different than the surrounding medium, and only very small (near-forward) scattering angles are
considered. For the case of spherical particles with sizes on the order of the wavelength or for large
2,3
scattering angles, the complete Lorenz-Mie scattering theory rather than the Fraunhofer diffraction
approximation must be used. If the size and angle constraints are satisfied but the particle refractive
index is very close to that of the medium, the anomalous diffraction approximation may be used.
A complication is introduced by the fact that the optical systems of most laser diffraction particle
sizing instruments can be used, with only minor modifications such as changing a lens or translating
the sample, for measurement configurations outside the particle size or scattering angle range for
which the diffraction approximation is valid. In this situation the scattering inversion software in the
instrumentwouldgenerallyincorporateascatteringmodelotherthanFraunhoferdiffractiontheory,in
whichcasetheterm“laserdiffractioninstrument”mightbeconsideredamisnomer.However,suchan
instrumentisstillinessencealaserdiffractioninstrument,modifiedtodecreasethelowerparticlesize
limit.Acalibration verification procedure as described by this test method would be applicable to all
instrumentconfigurations(oroperationalmodes)wherethephotomaskreticleaccuratelysimulatesthe
relevant optical properties of the particles.
The ideal calibration test samples for laser diffraction particle sizing instruments would be
comprised of the actual particle or droplet material of interest in the actual environment of interest
with size distributions closely approximating those encountered in practice. However, the use of such
calibration test samples is not currently feasible because multi-phase mixtures may undergo changes
during a test and because actual samples (for example, a spray) are not easily collected and stabilized
for long periods of time. The subject of this test method is an alternative calibration test sample
comprised of a two-dimensional array of thin, opaque circular discs (particle artifacts) deposited on
a transparent substrate (the photographic negative, that is, clear apertures in an opaque substrate, may
beusedaswell).Eachdiscorparticleartifactrepresentstheorthogonalprojectionofthecross-section
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1458−12 (2016)
of one member of a population of spherical particles comprising the reference population. The
collectionofparticleartifactsonareticlerepresentsanorthogonalprojectionofalltheparticlesinthe
reference population for one particular three-dimensional arrangement of the population where the
member particles are positioned within a finite reference volume. The reference volume is generally
defined such that the area covered by particle artifacts on the reticle is roughly equivalent to the
cross-section of the instrument light beam. The reference population would generally contain a large
number of particles, with a size distribution that approximates distributions of practical interest,
randomly distributed over the reference volume. Large numbers and random positions minimize
complications that can arise from optical coherence effects (interference).
Of importance here is the fact that the near-forward scattering characteristics of the orthogonal
projections of the particle cross-sections onto the reticle plane accurately simulate, in regimes where
the diffraction approximation is valid, the near-forward scattering characteristics of the reference
population (independent of the chemical composition of the particles in the reference population). In
otherwordsthephotomaskreticle,whenilluminatedwithalaserbeamofknownproperties,generates
a reference scattered light signature which can be predicted analytically from a knowledge of the size
distribution of the reference population. The properties of the reference population can be inferred
from a characterization (using optical microscopy) of the sizes of the particle artifacts on the reticle.
As the instrument is operated away from the diffraction regime, the scattering properties of the
photomask reticle diverge from that which would be produced by the reference population and
interpretation of the measurements becomes more problematic.
The most complete test result for this test method would be a discrete size distribution reported for
averylargenumberofsizeclassintervals,butintercomparisonsofsuchdistributionsaredifficult.For
that reason statistical parameters (for example, representative diameters and measures of the
dispersion) of the particle size distribution are used. Two examples of statistical parameters are the
volumemediandiameter D andtherelativespan(D − D )/D asdefinedinPracticeE799
V0.5 V0.9 V0.1 V0.5
(recall that volume parameters such as D for a photomask reticle are defined in the sense that
Vf
two-dimensionalparticleartifactsscatterlightlikesphericalparticlesofthesamediameter).Estimates
of the true values of these statistical parameters for a photomask reticle (or more precisely the true
values for the reference population simulated by the reticle) can be established using optical or
electron microscope measurements of the diameters of the particle artifacts on the reticle. The values
so established are termed image-analysis reference values and will be used herein as the accepted
reference values. It is the stability of D , the relative span, and all other statistical parameters
V0.5
representative of the particle artifact size distribution for a reticle and the ability to produce nearly
identical replicate copies of the reticles that make this test method useful. A comparison of the
accepted reference value of D , the relative span, or any other parameter of a reticle with a
V0.5
corresponding test result from the instrument under evaluation can be used to assess the acceptability
of the instrument and of the data routinely obtained with the instrument.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1458 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E1458-12R16.
Bohren, C.F., and Huffman, D.R., Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983.
van de Hulst, H.C., Light Scattering by Small Particles, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1981.
1. Scope modeled by the instrument data processing and data reduction
software. The precision and bias limits presented herein are,
1.1 This test method describes a procedure necessary to
therefore, estimates of the instrument performance under ideal
permit a user to easily verify that a laser diffraction particle
conditions. Nonideal factors that could be present in actual
sizing instrument is operating within tolerance limit
applicationsandthatcouldsignificantlyincreasethebiaserrors
specifications, for example, such that the instrument accuracy 4
of laser diffraction instruments include vignetting (that is,
is as stated by the manufacturer.The recommended calibration
wherelightscatteredatlargeanglesbyparticlesfarawayfrom
verification method provides a decisive indication of the
the receiving lens does not pass through the receiving lens and
overall performance of the instrument at the calibration point
therefore does not reach the detector plane), the presence of
or points, but it is specifically not to be inferred that all factors
ininstrumentperformanceareverified.Ineffect,useofthistest
methodwillverifytheinstrumentperformanceforapplications
Hirleman, E.D., Oechsle, V., and Chigier, N.A., “Response Characteristics of
involving spherical particles of known refractive index where
Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Systems: Optical Sample Volume and Lens
the near-forward light scattering properties are accurately Effects,” Optical Engineering, Vol 23, 1984, pp. 610–619.
E1458−12 (2016)
nonspherical particles, the presence of particles of unknown 2.2 Military Standard:
refractive index, and multiple scattering. MIL-STD-45662Calibration Systems Requirements
2.3 NIST Standard:
1.2 Thistestmethodshallbeusedasasignificanttestofthe
NIST SP 676-1Measurement Assurance Programs
instrument performance. While the procedure is not designed
for extensive calibration adjustment of an instrument, it shall
2.4 ANSI Standard:
beusedtoverifyquantitativeperformanceonanongoingbasis,
ANSI-ASQC Z-1Standard for Calibration Systems
to compare one instrument performance with that of another,
2.5 ISO Standard:
and to provide error limits for instruments tested.
ISO Guide 2AGeneral Terms and Their Definitions Con-
1.3 This test method provides an indirect measurement of
cerning Standardization Certification, and Testing Lab.
some of the important parameters controlling the results in Accreditation
particle sizing by laser diffraction. A determination of all
parameters affecting instrument performance would come 3. Terminology
under a calibration adjustment procedure.
3.1 Current ASTM Standard Definitions—Definitions of the
1.4 This test method shall be performed on a periodic and
terms listed below, as used in this test method are from the
regular basis, the frequency of which depends on the physical Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions:
environment in which the instrumentation is used. Thus, units
3.1.1 accuracy—see Terminology D123, (Committee D13).
handled roughly or used under adverse conditions (for
3.1.2 assignable cause—see Terminology E456, (Commit-
example, exposed to dust, chemical vapors, vibration, or
tee E11).
combinations thereof) shall undergo a calibration verification
3.1.3 bias—see Terminology D123, (Committee D13).
more frequently than those not exposed to such conditions.
3.1.4 calibration—see Terminology E1187, (Committee
This procedure shall be performed after any significant repairs
E36).
are made on an instrument, such as those involving the optics,
detector, or electronics. 3.1.5 Discussion—This and many other commonly used
definitions for calibration are very broad in the sense that they
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
could encompass a wide range of tasks. (See for example
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
MIL-STD-45662, NISTSP676-1, andANSI-ASQC Z-1 Draft
standard.
StandardforCalibrationSystems).Forexample,insomecases
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
calibration is only the determination of whether or not an
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
instrument is operating within accuracy specifications (toler-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ance testing in NIST SP 676-1). In other cases calibration
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
includes reporting of differences between the instrument re-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sponse and the accepted value of the standard, for example, to
produce a “Table of Corrections” to be used with the instru-
2. Referenced Documents
ment. Finally, calibration can also include any repairs or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
adjustments required to make the instrument response consis-
A340Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
tentwiththestandardwithinthestatedaccuracyspecifications.
Magnetic Testing
To clarify the situation it is proposed that the more specific
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
terms calibration verification and calibration adjustment (see
D3244Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
3.4) both of which would fall under these broad definitions of
Conformance with Specifications
calibration.
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
3.1.6 coeffıcient of variation—see Terminology D123,
E135Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
(Committee D13).Also known as the relative standard devia-
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
tion (see Terminology E135, Committee E01).
E284Terminology of Appearance
3.1.7 reference material—see Terminology E1187, (Com-
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
mittee E36) (see ISO Guide 2A).
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3.1.8 scattering—seeTerminology E284, (Committee E12).
Determine the Precisi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1458 − 12 E1458 − 12 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing
Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There exists a large variety of techniques and instruments for the sizing of particles and droplets in
fluid suspension. These instruments are based on a number of different physical phenomena and
interlaboratory comparisons of data on, for example, reference liquid sprays have shown significant
variability. This test method evolved in conjunction with efforts to explain the observed variability.
The effectiveness of this test method can be traced to the fact it circumvents difficulties associated with
producing, replicating, and maintaining a standard sample of liquid particles in a spray. This test
method uses a photomask reticle to provide a simulation of some of the optical properties of a
reference population of spherical particles. This test method is only applicable to optical particle sizing
instruments that are based on measurement and analysis of light scattered in the forward direction by
particles illuminated by a light beam. Since modern optical instruments generally use a laser to
produce a light beam, and since the light scattered in the forward direction by particles can often be
accurately described using diffraction theory approximations, the class of instruments for which this
test method applies have become generally known as laser diffraction particle sizing instruments.
2,3
Because it is specifically Fraunhofer diffraction theory that is used in the approximation, these
instruments are also known as Fraunhofer diffraction particle sizing instruments.
The diffraction approximation to the general problem of electromagnetic wave scattering by
particles is strictly valid only if three conditions are satisfied. The conditions are: particle sizes must
be significantly larger than the optical wavelength, particle refractive indices must be significantly
different than the surrounding medium, and only very small (near-forward) scattering angles are
considered. For the case of spherical particles with sizes on the order of the wavelength or for large
2,3
scattering angles, the complete Lorenz-Mie scattering theory rather than the Fraunhofer diffraction
approximation must be used. If the size and angle constraints are satisfied but the particle refractive
index is very close to that of the medium, the anomalous diffraction approximation may be used.
A complication is introduced by the fact that the optical systems of most laser diffraction particle
sizing instruments can be used, with only minor modifications such as changing a lens or translating
the sample, for measurement configurations outside the particle size or scattering angle range for
which the diffraction approximation is valid. In this situation the scattering inversion software in the
instrument would generally incorporate a scattering model other than Fraunhofer diffraction theory, in
which case the term “laser diffraction instrument” might be considered a misnomer. However, such an
instrument is still in essence a laser diffraction instrument, modified to decrease the lower particle size
limit. A calibration verification procedure as described by this test method would be applicable to all
instrument configurations (or operational modes) where the photomask reticle accurately simulates the
relevant optical properties of the particles.
The ideal calibration test samples for laser diffraction particle sizing instruments would be
comprised of the actual particle or droplet material of interest in the actual environment of interest
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2012October 2016. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20012012
as E1458 – 92 (2001) which was withdrawn in February 2010 and reinstated in October 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E1458-12.12. DOI: 10.1520/E1458-12R16.
Bohren, C.F., and Huffman, D.R., Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983.
van de Hulst, H.C., Light Scattering by Small Particles, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1981.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1458 − 12 (2016)
with size distributions closely approximating those encountered in practice. However, the use of such
calibration test samples is not currently feasible because multi-phase mixtures may undergo changes
during a test and because actual samples (for example, a spray) are not easily collected and stabilized
for long periods of time. The subject of this test method is an alternative calibration test sample
comprised of a two-dimensional array of thin, opaque circular discs (particle artifacts) deposited on
a transparent substrate (the photographic negative, that is, clear apertures in an opaque substrate, may
be used as well). Each disc or particle artifact represents the orthogonal projection of the cross-section
of one member of a population of spherical particles comprising the reference population. The
collection of particle artifacts on a reticle represents an orthogonal projection of all the particles in the
reference population for one particular three-dimensional arrangement of the population where the
member particles are positioned within a finite reference volume. The reference volume is generally
defined such that the area covered by particle artifacts on the reticle is roughly equivalent to the
cross-section of the instrument light beam. The reference population would generally contain a large
number of particles, with a size distribution that approximates distributions of practical interest,
randomly distributed over the reference volume. Large numbers and random positions minimize
complications that can arise from optical coherence effects (interference).
Of importance here is the fact that the near-forward scattering characteristics of the orthogonal
projections of the particle cross-sections onto the reticle plane accurately simulate, in regimes where
the diffraction approximation is valid, the near-forward scattering characteristics of the reference
population (independent of the chemical composition of the particles in the reference population). In
other words the photomask reticle, when illuminated with a laser beam of known properties, generates
a reference scattered light signature which can be predicted analytically from a knowledge of the size
distribution of the reference population. The properties of the reference population can be inferred
from a characterization (using optical microscopy) of the sizes of the particle artifacts on the reticle.
As the instrument is operated away from the diffraction regime, the scattering properties of the
photomask reticle diverge from that which would be produced by the reference population and
interpretation of the measurements becomes more problematic.
The most complete test result for this test method would be a discrete size distribution reported for
a very large number of size class intervals, but intercomparisons of such distributions are difficult. For
that reason statistical parameters (for example, representative diameters and measures of the
dispersion) of the particle size distribution are used. Two examples of statistical parameters are the
volume median diameter D and the relative span (D − D )/D as defined in Practice E799
V0.5 V0.9 V0.1 V0.5
(recall that volume parameters such as D for a photomask reticle are defined in the sense that
Vf
two-dimensional particle artifacts scatter light like spherical particles of the same diameter). Estimates
of the true values of these statistical parameters for a photomask reticle (or more precisely the true
values for the reference population simulated by the reticle) can be established using optical or
electron microscope measurements of the diameters of the particle artifacts on the reticle. The values
so established are termed image-analysis reference values and will be used herein as the accepted
reference values. It is the stability of D , the relative span, and all other statistical parameters
V0.5
representative of the particle artifact size distribution for a reticle and the ability to produce nearly
identical replicate copies of the reticles that make this test method useful. A comparison of the
accepted reference value of D , the relative span, or any other parameter of a reticle with a
V0.5
corresponding test result from the instrument under evaluation can be used to assess the acceptability
of the instrument and of the data routinely obtained with the instrument.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure necessary to permit a user to easily verify that a laser diffraction particle sizing
instrument is operating within tolerance limit specifications, for example, such that the instrument accuracy is as stated by the
manufacturer. The recommended calibration verification method provides a decisive indication of the overall performance of the
instrument at the calibration point or points, but it is specifically not to be inferred that all factors in instrument performance are
verified. In effect, use of this test method will verify the instrument performance for applications involving spherical particles of
known refractive index where the near-forward light scattering properties are accurately modeled by the instrument data processing
and data reduction software. The precision and bias limits presented herein are, therefore, estimates of the instrument performance
under ideal conditions. Nonideal factors that could be present in actual applications and that could significantly increase the bias
errors of laser diffraction instruments include vignetting (that is, where light scattered at large angles by particles far away from
Hirleman, E.D., Oechsle, V., and Chigier, N.A., “Response Characteristics of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Systems: Optical Sample Volume and Lens Effects,”
Optical Engineering, Vol 23, 1984, pp. 610–619.
E1458 − 12 (2016)
the receiving lens does not pass through the receiving lens and therefore does not reach the detector plane), the presence of
nonspherical particles, the presence of particles of unknown refractive index, and multiple scattering.
1.2 This test method shall be used as a significant test of the instrument performance. While the procedure is not designed for
extensive calibration adjustment of an instrument, it shall be used to verify quantitative performance on an ongoing basis, to
compare one instrument performance with that of another, and to provide error limits for instruments tested.
1.3 This test method provides an indirect measurement of some of the important parameters controlling the results in particle
sizing by laser diffraction. A determination of all parameters affecting instrument performance would come under a calibration
adjustment procedure.
1.4 This test method shall be performed on a periodic and regular basis, the frequency of which depends on the physical
environment in which the instrumentation is used. Thus, units handled roughly or used under adverse conditions (for example,
exposed to dust, chemical vapors, vibration, or combinations thereof) shall undergo a calibration verification more frequently than
those not exposed to such conditions. This procedure shall be performed after any significant repairs are made on an instrument,
such as those involving the optics, detector, or electronics.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E799 Practice for Determining Data Criteria and Processing for Liquid Drop Size Analysis
E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-45662 Calibration Systems Requirements
2.3 NIST Standard:
NIST SP 676-1 Measurement Assurance Programs
2.4 ANSI Standard:
ANSI-ASQC Z-1 Standard for Calibration Systems
2.5 ISO Standard:
ISO Guide 2A General Terms and Their Definitions Concerning Standardization Certification, and Testing Lab. Accreditation
3. Terminology
3.1 Current ASTM Standard Definitions—Definitions of the terms listed below, as used in this test method are from the
Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions:
3.1.1 accuracy—see Terminology D123, (Committee D13).
3.1.2 assignable cause—see Terminology E456, (Committee E11).
3.1.3 bias—see Terminology D123, (Committee D13).
3.1.4 calibration—see Terminology E1187, (Committee E36).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.da
...