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ASTM D5541-94(2008)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel Flow

Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel Flow

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is particularly useful for determining the discharge at a gaging station or a location where discharge information is repeatedly needed.
This practice is applicable only for open-channel flow conditions where channel hydraulics permit a stable relation between stage and discharge.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of a curve relating stage (elevation) to discharge. Standard test methods have been documented for measuring discharge and for measuring stage (see Practice D 3858, and Test Methods D 5129, D 5130, D 5243, D 5388, and D 5413). This practice takes the discharge and stage determined by each respective test method and shows a relation between them using a curved line. This curved line is called a stage-discharge relation or rating curve.
1.2 The procedures described in this practice are used commonly by those responsible for investigations of streamflow, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, and U.S Agriculture Research Service. For the most part, these procedures are adapted from reports of the U.S. Geological Survey. ,  
1.3 The procedures described in this practice apply only to simple freely flowing open-channel flow. Ratings for complex hydraulic conditions of extremely low slope channels using multiple-stage inputs, channels affected by man-induced regulation, or tidal conditions are not described. These types of ratings are described in detail in the documents listed in Footnotes 2 and 3.
1.4 This practice uses the results of current-meter discharge measurements or indirect discharge measurements and the corresponding measured stage to define as much of the stage-discharge relation curve as possible. A theoretical curve is developed for the full range of stage and discharge to shape the curve.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
17.120.20 - Flow in open channels
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5541-94(2003) - Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel Flow
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5674-22 - Standard Guide for Operation of a Gaging Station
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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ASTM D5541-94(2008) - Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel FlowASTM D5541-94(2008) - Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel Flow
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ASTM D5541-94(2008) - Standard Practice for Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel Flow
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5541 − 94(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Developing a Stage-Discharge Relation for Open Channel
1
Flow
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5541; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This practice covers the development of a curve relating
stage(elevation)todischarge.Standardtestmethodshavebeen 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
documented for measuring discharge and for measuring stage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(seePracticeD3858,andTestMethodsD5129,D5130,D5243, responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5388, and D5413). This practice takes the discharge and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
stage determined by each respective test method and shows a bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
relation between them using a curved line. This curved line is
called a stage-discharge relation or rating curve.
2. Referenced Documents
4
1.2 The procedures described in this practice are used
2.1 ASTM Standards:
commonly by those responsible for investigations of
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
streamflow, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Army
D3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement
Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, and U.S Agricul-
of Water by Velocity-Area Method
ture Research Service. For the most part, these procedures are
D5129 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement
2,3
adapted from reports of the U.S. Geological Survey.
of Water Indirectly by Using Width Contractions
D5130 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement
1.3 The procedures described in this practice apply only to
of Water Indirectly by Slope-Area Method
simple freely flowing open-channel flow. Ratings for complex
D5243 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement
hydraulic conditions of extremely low slope channels using
of Water Indirectly at Culverts
multiple-stage inputs, channels affected by man-induced
D5388 Test Method for Indirect Measurements of Discharge
regulation, or tidal conditions are not described.These types of
by Step-Backwater Method
ratings are described in detail in the documents listed in
D5413 Test Methods for Measurement of Water Levels in
Footnotes 2 and 3.
Open-Water Bodies
1.4 This practice uses the results of current-meter discharge
5
2.2 ISO Standard:
measurements or indirect discharge measurements and the
ISO 1100/2 Liquid Flow Measurement in Open Channels—
corresponding measured stage to define as much of the
Part 2, Determination of Stage-Discharge Relation
stage-discharge relation curve as possible. A theoretical curve
is developed for the full range of stage and discharge to shape
3. Terminology
the curve.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Symbols:
1
3.2.1 GH—gauge height or stage, ft (m).
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
3 3
3.2.2 Q—discharge, ft /s (m /s).
and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5541 – 94(1998).
DOI: 10.1520/D5541-94R08.
2 4
Kennedy, E. J., “Discharge Ratings at Gaging Stations: U.S. Geological For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Survey,” Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 3, Chapt. A10, 1984, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
p. 59. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Rantz, S. E., et al., Measurement and Computation of Streamflow: Vol 2, the ASTM website.
5
Computation of Discharge, U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper No. 2175, Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
1982, p. 631. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5541 − 94 (2008)
4. Summary of Practice addition,thelengthofachannelcontrolwillvarydependingon
the magnitude of flow. Precise definition of the length of a
4.1 The stage-discharge relation is
...

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