ASTM D7899-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dispersancy is the property that allows oil to suspend and carry away pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the aging of the oil.
5.2 When poured on a specific filter paper, oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated spot. The distribution of the different zones (Fig. 1) will reflect the status of oil dispersancy.
FIG. 1 Oil Spot Example and Scheme of the Distribution of the Different Zones
5.3 While the oil spreads out on the filter paper, the oil carries contaminants, and due to the lamination phenomenon of the oil film, the particles of same size deposit on the paper on the same concentric zones.
5.4 This test method provides a simple technique for condition monitoring of the dispersancy property of in-service lubricants.
5.5 An oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated blotter (see Fig. 2—Spot 1). A ring of light debris on the outer circumference of the circular spot also indicates that the oil has retained its dispersancy properties.
FIG. 2 Oil Spot Examples
5.6 A blotter indicating a high soot load, but even graduation, suggests the oil is still fit for service, but should be watched closely for degradation (see Fig. 2—Spot 2).
5.7 When dispersancy begins to fail, the insolubles begin to form a dense ring on the exterior of the absorbing oil drop as in Fig. 2—Spot 3. A brown or yellow stain on the blotter spot indicates oxidation.
5.8 Fig. 2—Spot 4 indicates the characteristic dense black dot and sharp periphery that indicates sludge and the loss of dispersancy as the particles have settled in the center and the oil has wicked outward.
5.9 From a maintenance perspective, when the ring begins to form around the exterior of the oil blotter, it is time to look at scheduling a drain. If the black dot is allowed to form, the si...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as well as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the lubricant.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7899 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine
1
Oils with Blotter Spot Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination 3.1 Definitions:
of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as
3.1.1 diesel crankcase engine oils, n—an engine oil used in
well as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse
the crankcase of the internal combustion diesel engine.
sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from
3.1.1.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
lubricant.
examples.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 diesel engine, n—a reciprocating or rotary engine in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
whichignitionofthemainfuelcharge,asitisintroducedtothe
standard.
combustionchamber,shallbebytheheatofcompressionofthe
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
charge of combustion air, during regular operation of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
engine from idle speeds up to full speed, regardless of whether
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
miscellaneous methods to augment such heat of compression
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
are used to facilitate starting of the engine under normal
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditionsorunderlowambienttemperatureconditionsorlow
intake air temperature conditions.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or
recommendnormal,cautionary,warning,oralertlimitsforanymachinery. 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Engines that are designed to operate
Suchlimitsshouldbeestablishedinconjunctionwithadviceandguidance
withacontinuouslyhotspotorbulborotherdevicetofacilitate
from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
ignition or combustion, or both, of low cetane fuels, or any
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
fuels slow to ignite or to burn, or both, shall be considered to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
be diesel engines for purposes of this test method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 engine oil, n—aliquidthatreducesfrictionorwear,or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
2. Referenced Documents
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
D7418Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Trans-
examples.
form Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil
Condition Monitoring 3.1.4 oxidation, n—ofengineoil,thereactionoftheoilwith
an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can produce
deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
corrosion, or a combination thereof.
SubcommitteeD02.96.02onChemistryfortheEvaluationofIn-ServiceLubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
3.1.5 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7899–13. DOI:
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
10.1520/D7899-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricantthatdoesnotdrain
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
Standards volume information, refer to the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7899 − 13 D7899 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine
1
Oils with Blotter Spot Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as well
as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear,
corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the lubricant.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits
should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7418 Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition
Monitoring
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 diesel crankcase engine oils, n—an engine oil used in the crankcase of the internal combustion diesel engine.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oil
oxidation, and foaming are examples.
3.1.2 diesel engine, n—a reciprocating or rotary engine in which ignition of the main fuel charge, as it is introduced to the
combustion chamber, shall be by the heat of compression of the charge of combustion air, during regular operation of the engine
from idle speeds up to full speed, regardless of whether miscellaneous methods to augment such heat of compression are used to
facilitate starting of the engine under normal conditions or under low ambient temperature conditions or low intake air temperature
conditions.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D7899 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7899-13.10.1520/D7899-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7899 − 19
Engines that are designed to operate with a continuously hot spot or bulb or other device to facilitate ignition or combustion, or
both, of low cetane fuels, or any fuels slow to ignite or to burn, or both, shall be considered to be diesel engines for purposes of
this test method.
3.1.3 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,
particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit fo
...
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