ASTM E2785-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to evaluate the material performance after exposure to a standardized set of severe environmental conditions. It is understood that these performance values are dependent upon these standardized exposure periods and environmental concentrations. Other values are possible if the exposure period or severe environmental concentration, or both, is changed.
This test method is intended to be used where the material is exposed to the specific extreme environmental condition in its intended field of application.
The user shall establish which properties are relevant to the application at hand, in order to determine the properties to be tested.
Note 2—It is not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.
This test method is intended to evaluate only the following types of materials, as defined by their physical properties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetration firestops:
Endothermic,
Intumescent,
Insulative,
Ablative, and
Subliming.
This test method determines initial physical properties, chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physical properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. The following properties are to be considered, as applicable:
Weight loss or gain,
Volume expansion,
Thermal conductivity,
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
Tensile strength and elongation,
Visual observations, and
Loss on ignition.
This test method uses the following exposures:
Elevated temperature,
High humidity,
Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisture present,
Water immersion,
Temperature cycling,
Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and
Weathering.
This test method does not provide any information regarding the actual fire performance of the firestop before or after the exposure tests.
This test method will provide a comparison between formula and processing changes in materials.
This test method only provides for a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical properties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials after a standardized environmental exposure. This test method does not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop materials.
1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid in determining the use of the tested material in buildings.
1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of component products used within a firestop system, and does not evaluate the properties of assembled firestop systems.
Note 1—This test method does not preclude the possibility of exposing complete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposures and then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.
1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method in the evaluation of the relative behavior of a specific material before and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria. Individual tests are not intended to be the only determining factor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material because each test has limitations.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2785 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Firestops are installed in buildings to prevent the spread of fire. Each firestop design is dependent
onitsspecificarrangement,thickness,density,andshapeofmaterialsusedinitsconstructionandupon
the specific assembly in which it is fire tested. There are at least five types of materials used in
firestops. They are endothermic, intumescent, insulative, subliming, and ablative. Some firestops use
more than one type in a specific design. The purpose of this test method is to provide a common set
of procedures for evaluating the potential behavior of materials used in firestops to various
environmental conditions. There are other materials used in firestop systems that are not of the five
types listed above, which are not intended to be evaluated by this test method.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
properties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
after a standardized environmental exposure. This test method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
does not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop materials.
1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid in 2. Referenced Documents
determining the use of the tested material in buildings.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of component
products used within a firestop system, and does not evaluate ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
the properties of assembled firestop systems.
C1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using
NOTE 1—This test method does not preclude the possibility of exposing
Artificial Weathering Apparatus
complete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposures
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
and then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method in
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
the evaluation of the relative behavior of a specific material
Using Water Immersion
before and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria.
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
Individual tests are not intended to be the only determining
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
factor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material because
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
each test has limitations.
D3850 Test Method for RapidThermal Degradation of Solid
Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Method (TGA)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D4434 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D4637 Specification for EPDM Sheet Used In Single-Ply
and are not considered standard.
Roof Membrane
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
on Serviceability. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E2785-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2785 − 11
D4714 Test Method for Determination of Effect of Moist 3.2.4 intumescent, adj—characterized by foaming and
Heat (50 % Relative Humidity and 90°C) on Properties of swelling when exposed to high surface temperatures or flames.
Paper and Board (Withdrawn 2010)
3.2.5 subliming, adj—characterized by the direct passage of
D5510 Practice for Heat Aging of Oxidatively Degradable
a substance from solid to vapor without appearing in the
Plastics (Withdrawn 2010)
intermediate (liquid) state.
D5893 Specification for Cold Applied, Single Component,
4. Summary of Test Method
Chemically Curing Silicone Joint Sealant for Portland
Cement Concrete Pavements
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
D6083 Specification for Liquid Applied Acrylic Coating
and procedure:
Used in Roofing
4.1.1 The firestop material is measured for its physical
D6754 Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester Based Sheet
properties or chemical properties, or both, before exposure to
Roofing
standardized severe environments.
D6878 Specification for Thermoplastic Polyolefin Based
4.1.2 Thefirestopmaterialisexposedtostandardizedsevere
Sheet Roofing
environmentalexposuresforaspecifictimeperiodandretested
D6947 Specification for Liquid Applied Moisture Cured
for its physical properties or chemical properties, or both, at
Polyurethane Coating Used in Spray Polyurethane Foam
various time periods.
Roofing System
4.1.3 After the total exposure time period, the firestop
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
material’s physical properties or chemical properties, or both,
Building Materials
and performance is calculated and reported as a percentage of
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
initial values.
and Materials
5. Significance and Use
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the material
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
performance after exposure to a standardized set of severe
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
environmental conditions. It is understood that these perfor-
ology
mance values are dependent upon these standardized exposure
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
periods and environmental concentrations. Other values are
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop
possible if the exposure period or severe environmental
Systems
concentration, or both, is changed.
F495 Test Method for Weight Loss of Gasket Materials
5.2 This test method is intended to be used where the
Upon Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
material is exposed to the specific extreme environmental
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
condition in its intended field of application.
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant to
G155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
the application at hand, in order to determine the properties to
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
be tested.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—It is not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions in the following standards will
5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only the
prevail for terms not defined in this test method.
following types of materials, as defined by their physical
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in this test
properties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetra-
method related to building construction, refer to Terminology
tion firestops:
E631.
5.4.1 Endothermic,
3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in this test
5.4.2 Intumescent,
method related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.
5.4.3 Insulative,
3.1.3 For definitions of general terms used in this test
5.4.4 Ablative, and
method related to thermal analysis and rheology, refer to
5.4.5 Subliming.
Terminology E473.
5.5 This test method determines initial physical properties,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physi-
3.2.1 ablative, adj—characterized by the capability for rap-
cal properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. The
idly dissipating heat from a substrate.
following properties are to be considered, as applicable:
3.2.2 endothermic, adj—characterized by a process or
5.5.1 Weight loss or gain,
change that takes place with absorption of heat and requires
5.5.2 Volume expansion,
high temperature for initiation and maintenance.
5.5.3 Thermal conductivity,
3.2.3 insulative, adj—characterized by an extremely low
5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
dielectric constant, low thermal conductivity or both.
5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,
5.5.7 Visual observations, and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 5.5.8 Loss on ignition.
E2785 − 11
5.6 This test method uses the following exposures: 7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
5.6.1 Elevated temperature,
7.1 Use as-commercially-supplied material from the
5.6.2 High humidity,
manufacturer, with dimensions or form modified to meet the
exposure and property testing required. See 7.2 and Section
5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisture
A1.1.
present,
5.6.4 Water immersion,
7.2 Some materials that are used to seal a penetration in the
5.6.5 Temperature cycling, field require special preparation before samples are exposed to
the required environments.
5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and
7.2.1 Cast or form samples into the cured or dry state before
5.6.7 Weathering.
exposure to the environmental conditions for sealants, putties,
5.7 This test method does not provide any information
coatings, sprays, mortars, and foams.
regarding the actual fire performance of the firestop before or
7.2.2 Cut sheet-type materials such as wrap strips, boards,
after the exposure tests.
mats, blankets, pillows, preformed plugs, and sponges into a
form designed to be exposed to the environmental conditions.
5.8 This test method will provide a comparison between
7.2.3 Make measurements on no less than three specimens
formula and processing changes in materials.
for each time increment. Obtain and prepare samples for all
5.9 This test method only provides for a comparison of the
exposures.
tested material before and after a standardized exposure
process.
8. Conditioning
5.10 This test method shall be used as one element in
8.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibrium
evaluating materials or selecting firestop material(s) for a
by weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of
specific application. Other factors shall be considered, such as
72°F 6 5°F (22°C 6 3°C) at 50 % 6 5 % RH. Weigh and
its fire performance as tested in accordance with Test Methods
record the weight of each test specimen once a day until
E814 or E119, flame spread as tested in accordance with Test
equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is considered achieved
Method E84, durability, and its compatibility with its adjacent
when the weight change is less than 1 % per day. After the
materials.
samples have reached equilibrium, they are to be retrieved and
tested within one hour after removal from the conditioning
6. Apparatus
environment.
6.1 Accelerated weathering unit as described in Practice
9. Procedure
G151 and, more specifically, Practice G155.
9.1 Control Samples—For each individual physical prop-
6.2 Cold box or freezer.
erty or chemical property, or both, as enumerated in 5.4,
6.3 Vented air circulating oven, complying with Specifica- determine and record benchmarks for each material. The
tion E145 that is capable of exposing samples at
benchmark value shall be the measurement prior to any
212°F 6 3.6°F (100°C 6 2°C). environmental exposure test.
9.2 Subject test specimens to any of the following in
6.4 Balance, calibrated to weigh specimens to the nearest
9.2.1-9.2.7, as requested by the test sponsor, and record the
0.00035 oz (0.01 g)
results. The results shall be reported for each required time
6.5 A6 in. (152 mm) dial caliper with a division of 0.01 in.
increment.
(0.25 mm) or smaller
9.2.1 Elevated Temperature Exposure in accordance with
Practice D3045, Test Method D4714, or Practice D5510.
6.6 A small hydraulic press with platens larger than 5 in.
(127 mm) square. 9.2.2 High Humidity in accordance with Annex A1.6.
9.2.3 Concentrated Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide in
6.7 Two nominally 0.125-in. (3.2-mm) thick metal shims at
accordance with Annex A1.2.
least 4 in. (102 mm) long.
9.2.4 Water Immersion in accordance with Practice D870.
6.8 Release liner paper. 9.2.5 Temperature Cycling in accordance withAnnex A1.3.
9.2.6 Wet-Freeze-Dry Cycling in accordance with Annex
6.9 A steel ruler graduated to ⁄64 in. (0.40 mm).
A1.4.
9.2.7 Weathering in accordance with Practice C1442 using
6.10 Environmental chamber that can be sealed for use of
gas. the Xenon-arc procedure. Irradiance level is to be set at
0.51 W/(m · nm) at 340 nm for 102 min of light and 18 min of
6.11 A TGA system.
light plus moisture, as detailed in 7.2.3 of Practice C1442.As
6.12 A DSC system. an option, for users who are required to operate the machine at
irradiance level of 0.35 W/(m · nm), this exposure may be
6.13 A volume expansion measuring system.
used with an adjustment using the equation for determining
6.14 Other apparatus as specified in the referenced stan- equivalent radiant exposures at different irradiance levels in
dards. A1.2 of Practice C1442.
E2785 − 11
9.3 After exposing samples to the conditions in 9.2, deter- 11. Report
mine and record the properties specified in 5.5.1-5.5.8,as
11.1 Report the following information:
applicable.
11.1.1 Name of company supplying material
9.3.1 Mass.
11.1.2 Name and lot number of material tested.
9.3.2 The intumescent expansion ratio for material type
11.1.3 Designation of active material type (that is,
5.4.2.
intumescent, endothermic, etc.).
9.3.3 The thermal conductivity in accordance with Test
11.1.4 All data for each time interval for each test method.
Method C177 for material type 5.4.3.
11.1.5 Test method and designation for standard used for
9.3.4 The thermo degradation measured by TGA in accor-
each test method.
dance with Test Method D3850 for material types 5.4.1, 5.4.4,
11.1.6 Variation to any test method used including reason
and 5.4.5.
for variation.
9.3.5 Th
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.