ASTM C1069-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption
Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1069 −09
StandardTest Method for
Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen
1
Adsorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthespecific 4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will
surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of find the test method useful to determine the specific surface
ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material
of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but specifications, manufacturing control, and research and devel-
strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are opment.
based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.
5. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5.1 Specific Surface Area Analyzer, recently (after 1970)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
manufactured commercial equipment employing low-
standard.
temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption. This test method may
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be dynamic or static.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Degassing Equipment, suitable to the instrument used.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 1.0 mg.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Liquid Nitrogen.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Cylinder of compressed nitrogen gas, high purity as
E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of
specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator.
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn
3
1998) 6.3 Cylinder of compressed helium gas, high purity as
specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator, for static
3. Summary
instruments or for dynamic instruments having gas mixing
ability and employing the multipoint procedure or,
3.1 An appropriate size sample is degassed for1hat423K
before proceeding with the analysis as prescribed by the
6.4 Cylinder of compressed, approximately 0.30 mol
manufacturer of the instrument used. The sample is accurately
fraction, nitrogen in helium with pressure regulator, for other
weighed after analysis.
dynamic instruments employing the single point procedure.
3.2 Calculations are based on the BET equations, adapted
7. Procedure
where necessary for the equipment being used. The cross-
2
sectional area of the nitrogen molecule is taken as 0.162 nm . 7.1 Sample Preparation—Blend the gross sample very well.
For non-free-flowing materials mechanical agitation is neces-
sary (for example, V-type blender with intensifier). If sample
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
splitting of free-flowing materials is necessary, use a spinning
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
riffler.
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
7.2 Sample Degassing
´1
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1069 – 86 (2004) .
7.2.1 Samplesizeisrelatedtotheequipmentbeingusedand
DOI: 10.1520/C1069-09.
2
shall conform to the equipment manufacturer’s recommenda-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tions for highest precision.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
7.2.2 The degassing technique (for example, vacuum, no-
the ASTM website.
3
vacuum) shall conform to the equipment manufacturer’s rec-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. ommendations.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1069−09
TABLE 1 Analyses of Variance
7.2.3 The degassing temperature shall be1hat423K.
7.2.4 Samples must be analyzed immediately after degas- Surface Repeatability Reproducibility
Area, Interval, Interval,
sing.
2 A 2 2
m /g R ,m /g R ,m /g
1 2
7.3 Analysis—The analysis procedure recommended by the
1.1 0.05 0.19
1.3 0.12 0.26
manufacturer as their most precise shall be followed.
8.4 0.40 2.07
9.3 0.44
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C1069–86(Reapproved2004) Designation: C 1069 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen
1
Adsorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The address in footnote 3 was changed in May 2004.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of
ceramics.Thetestmethodisageneralone,permittingtheuseofanymoderncommercialnitrogenadsorptionapparatusbutstrictly
defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
E 173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals
3. Summary
3.1 An appropriate size sample is degassed for1hat423K before proceeding with the analysis as prescribed by the
manufacturer of the instrument used. The sample is accurately weighed after analysis.
3.2 Calculations are based on the BET equations, adapted where necessary for the equipment being used. The cross-sectional
2
area of the nitrogen molecule is taken as 0.162 nm .
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and
indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Specific Surface Area Analyzer , recently (after 1970) manufactured commercial equipment employing low-temperature (77
K) nitrogen adsorption. This test method may be dynamic or static.
5.2 Degassing Equipment, suitable to the instrument used.
5.3 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 1.0 mg.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Liquid Nitrogen.
6.2 Cylinder of compressed nitrogen gas, high purity as specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator.
6.3 Cylinder of compressed helium gas, high purity as specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator, for static instruments
or for dynamic instruments having gas mixing ability and employing the multipoint procedure or,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related ProdcutsProducts and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee C21.04 on Raw Materials.
CurrenteditionapprovedAprilJan.1,2004.2009.PublishedMay2004.February2009.Originallyapprovedin1986.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asC 1069 – 86
´1
(1997)(2004) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Spinning rifflers manufactured by Quantachrome Corp., 1900 Corporate Drive, Boynton Beach, FL33426 or by Gilson Company, Inc., P.O. Box 200, Lewis Center, OH
43035-0200, which has been found suitable for this purpose.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1069–09
6.4 Cylinder of compressed, approximately 0.30 mol fraction, nitrogen in helium with pressure regulator, for other dynamic
instruments employing the single point procedure.
7. Procedure
7.1 Sample Preparation— Blend the gross sample very well. For non-free-flowing materials mechanical agitation is necessary
(for example, V-type blender with intensifier). If sample splitting of free-flowing materials is necessary, use a spinning riffler.
7.2 Sample Degassing
7.2.1 Sample size is related to the equipment being used and shall conform to the e
...
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