ASTM F1920-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Energy Performance of Rack Conveyor, Hot Water Sanitizing, Commercial Dishwashing Machines
Standard Test Method for Energy Performance of Rack Conveyor, Hot Water Sanitizing, Commercial Dishwashing Machines
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption of rack conveyor, hot water sanitizing, commercial dishwashing machines, hereafter referred to as dishwashers. It excludes rack conveyor, chemical sanitizing, commercial dishwashing machines, and dishwashers with multiple tanks and prewashing sections. This test method also excludes single temperature rack conveyor dishwashing machines. Dishwasher tank heaters are evaluated separately from the booster heater. This procedure does not address cleaning or sanitizing performance.
1.2 The following procedures are included in this test method:
1.2.1 Procedures to Confirm Dishwasher is Operating Properly Prior to Performance Testing:
1.2.1.1 Maximum energy input rate of the tank heaters (10.2).
1.2.1.2 Maximum energy input rate of the booster heater, if applicable (10.3).
1.2.1.3 Final sanitizing rinse water consumption calibration (10.4).
1.2.1.4 Booster temperature calibration, if applicable (10.5).
1.2.1.5 Wash tank temperature calibration (10.6).
1.2.1.6 Wash tank pump and conveyor motor calibration (10.7).
1.2.2 Energy Usage and Cycle Rate Performance Tests:
1.2.2.1 Washing energy performance test (10.8).
1.2.2.2 Tank heater idle energy rate (10.9).
1.2.2.3 Booster idle energy rate, if provided (10.10).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 1920 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Energy Performance of Rack Conveyor, Hot Water
Sanitizing, Commercial Dishwashing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1920; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
rack conveyor, hot water sanitizing, commercial dishwashing D 3588 Method of Calculating Calorific Value and Specific
machines, hereafter referred to as dishwashers. It excludes rack Gravity (Relative Density) of Gaseous Fuels
conveyor, chemical sanitizing, commercial dishwashing ma- F 858 Specification for Heat Sanitizing Commercial Dish-
chines, and dishwashers with multiple tanks and prewashing washing Machines, Single Conveyor Rack Type
sections. This test method also excludes single temperature F 861 Specification for Commercial Dishwashing Racks
rack conveyor dishwashing machines. Dishwasher tank heaters 2.2 NSF Standards:
are evaluated separately from the booster heaters. Dishwashers ANSI/NSF 3–1996 Commercial Spray-Type Dishwashing
may have remote or self-contained booster heater. This proce- and Glasswashing Machines
dure does not address cleaning or sanitizing performance. NSF, Listings-Food Equipment and Related Products, Com-
1.2 The following procedures are included in this test ponents and Materials
method: 2.3 ASHRAE Standard:
1.2.1 Procedures to Confirm Dishwasher is Operating ASHRAE Guideline 2–1986 (RA90) Engineering Analysis
Properly Prior to Performance Testing: of Experimental Data
1.2.1.1 Maximum energy input rate of the tank heaters
3. Terminology
(10.2).
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2.1.2 Maximum energy input rate of the booster heater, if
applicable (10.3). 3.1.1 booster heater, n—water heater for taking supply hot
water (typically 140°F) up to 180°F+ for sanitizing rinse; the
1.2.1.3 Final sanitizing rinse water consumption calibration
(10.4). booster heater may be separate from dishwasher or integral.
3.1.2 cycle rate, n—maximum production rate of a dish-
1.2.1.4 Booster temperature calibration, if applicable (10.5).
1.2.1.5 Wash tank temperature calibration (10.6). washer when washing dishloads in accordance with the Cycle
Rate Performance test.
1.2.1.6 Wash tank pump and conveyor motor calibration
(10.7). 3.1.3 dishload, n—a peg-type, polypropylene dishrack of a
1.2.2 Energy Usage and Cycle Rate Performance Tests: specified weight, loaded with ten 9-in. plates of a specified
weight, used to put a thermal load on the dishwasher during the
1.2.2.1 Washing energy performance test (10.8).
1.2.2.2 Tank heater idle energy rate (10.9). washing energy test.
3.1.4 dishwasher, n—for this test method, dishwasher is
1.2.2.3 Booster idle energy rate, if provided (10.10).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded defined as a rack conveyor, hot-water sanitizing, commercial
dishwashing machine.
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
tion only. 3.1.5 empty dish rack, n—a dish rack without any dishware
placed in the dish rack. Two empty dish racks are run through
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the dishwasher prior to washing the first dishload to condition
the dishwasher for testing as specified in the Washing Energy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Test (see 10.8).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-26 on Food Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 15.07.
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 on NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, MI 48113–0140.
Productivity and Energy Protocol. Available from the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1920–98
3.1.6 ready temperature, n—the dishwasher tank tempera- 5.4 The washing energy test determines energy usage per
ture that is hot enough to start washing the next room rack. This is useful both as a measure for comparing the energy
temperature dishload and not drop the tank temperature below performance of one dishwasher to another and as a predictor of
the required minimum tank temperature. the dishwashers energy consumption.
3.1.7 recovery time, n—the time from the end of washing a 5.5 Water-consumption characterization is useful for esti-
mating water and sewage costs associated with dishwashing
dishload to until the wash tank temperature is back up to a
(ready) temperature high enough to start washing the next machine operation.
dishload.
6. Apparatus
3.1.8 tank heater idle rate, n—rate of energy consumed by
6.1 1 or 2 Wh Meters, for measuring the electrical energy
the dishwasher while “holding” or “idling” the wash tank water
consumption of the tank heaters, pump motor, and booster
at the thermostat(s) set point during the time period specified.
heater, if applicable, shall have a resolution of at least 10 Wh
3.1.9 uncertainty, n—measure of systematic and precision
and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 1.5 % of the
errors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatability
measured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For any
of a reported test result.
demand less than 100 W, the meter shall have a resolution of at
least 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10 %.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.2 1 or 2 Gas Meters, for measuring the gas consumption
4.1 The maximum energy input rate of the tank heater and
of tank heater, or booster heater, if applicable, or both, shall
the booster heater, if applicable, is measured to confirm that the
3 3
have a resolution of at least 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ), and a
dishwasher is operating at the manufacturer’s rated input. If the
maximum uncertainty no greater than 1 % of the measured
measured input rate is not with 5 % of the rated input, all
3 3
value for any demand greater than 2.2 ft /h (0.06 m /h). If the
further testing ceases, and the manufacturer shall be contacted.
meter is used for measuring the gas consumed by pilot lights,
The manufacturer may make appropriate changes or adjust-
3 3
it shall have a resolution of a least 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ) and
ments to the dishwasher.
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have a maximum uncertainty of at least 0.01 ft (0.0003 m )
NOTE 1—It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate the
and have a maximum uncertainty no greater than 2 % of the
performance of a dishwasher at its rated gas pressure or electric voltage.
measured value.
If an electrical unit is rated dual voltage, that is, designed to operate at
6.3 1 or 2 Steam Flow Meters, for measuring the flow of
either 208 or 240 V with no change in component, the voltage selected by
steam to tank heaters and or booster heater, if applicable, shall
the manufacturer or the tester, or both, shall be reported. If a dishwasher
3 3
have a resolution of 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ), and a maximum
is designed to operate at two voltages without a change in the resistance
uncertainty of 1 % of the measured value.
of the heating elements, the performance of the unit, for example, cycle
rate, may differ at the two voltages. 6.4 Pressure Gage, for measuring pressure of steam to
steam coils and steam injector, shall have a resolution of 0.5
4.2 Wash tank and booster temperatures are calibrated to
psig (3.4 kPa), and a maximum uncertainty of 1 % of the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
measured value.
4.3 Water consumption is adjusted in accordance with
6.5 Canopy Exhaust Hood or Vent Cowl Exhaust Ducts,
manufacturer’s specifications.
measured in agreement with manufacturers requirements. Vent
4.4 The tank heater energy rate is determine at idle, that is,
cowl exhaust ducts shall operate at a nominal 200 cfm (94.4
when the tank temperature is being maintained, but no washing
L/s) on entrance side of dishwasher and 400 cfm (188.8 L/s) on
is taking place.
exit side or in accordance with manufacturer’s recommenda-
4.5 Booster heater idle energy rate is determined.
tion, if applicable. Canopy exhaust hood shall use a 3-ft by 6-ft
4.6 Dishwasher and booster energy consumption per rack of
configuration operating at the dishwashing machine manufac-
dishes is determined by washing ten racks loaded with a
turer’s specified ventilation rate. Report the ventilation rate and
specified quantity of dishes.
ventilation exhaust type.
4.7 Water consumption (gal/h (L/h)) is monitored during
6.6 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure,
testing to determine the rate of water usage.
shall have a range of 0 to 10 in. H O (zero to 2.5 kPa), a
resolution of 0.1 in. H O (125 Pa), and a maximum uncertainty
5. Significance and Use
of 1 % of the measured value.
5.1 The maximum energy input rate test is used to confirm
6.7 Temperature Sensor, for measuring natural gas tempera-
that the dishwasher is operating at the manufacturer’s rated
ture in the range of 50 to 100°F (10 to 40°C), with a resolution
input prior to further testing. This test method also will indicate
of 0.5°F (0.3°C) and an uncertainty of 6 1 °F (0.5°C).
any problems with the electric power supply, gas service
6.8 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric pres-
pressure, or steam supply flow or pressure. sure, to be used for adjustment of measured natural gas volume
5.2 Tank and booster temperatures, as well as water con- to standard conditions, shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg
sumption, are adjusted to NSE specifications to insure that the (670 Pa), and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg (670 Pa).
test is applied to a properly functioning dishwasher. 6.9 Flow Meter, for measuring water consumption of the
5.3 Because much of a dishwasher’s operating period is dishwasher. Shall have a resolution of 0.01 gal (40 mL), and an
spent in the idle condition, tank heater and booster idle energy uncertainty of 0.01 gal (40 mL), at flow rate as low as 0.2 gpm
consumption rate(s) are important parts of predicting dish- (13 mL/s).
washer’s energy consumption. 6.10 Stop Watch, with a 0.1-s resolution.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1920–98
6.11 Analytical Balance Scale, or equivalent, for measuring inlet shall be minimized and shall be wrapped with ⁄2-in.
weight of dishes and dish racks used in the dish-load energy insulation along its entire length.
test. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 lb (5 g) and an 9.3 Connect the booster to a supply of water, which is
uncertainty of 0.01 lb (5 g).
within 63°F of its input temperatures, not to exceed 140 6
6.12 Calibrated Exposed Junction Thermocouple Probes, 3°F.
with a range from -20 to 400°F (-30 to 200°C), with a 9.4 Connect the dishwasher and booster to calibrated energy
resolution of 0.2°F (0.1°C) and an uncertainty of 1.0°F (0.5°C),
test meters. The dishwasher and booster shall not be monitored
for measuring tank temperature, booster and dishwater inlet
as one energy load. Separate monitoring will broaden the
temperatures. Calibrated K-type 24-GA thermocouple wire
usefulness of the data and enhance the accuracy of the results.
with stainless steel sheath and ceramic insulation is the
9.5 For gas installations, install a pressure regulator (down-
recommended choice for measuring the booster and dishwater
stream from the meter) to maintain a constant (manifold)
inlet temperatures. The thermocouple probe can be fed through
pressure of gas supplied to the dishwasher and booster heater,
a compression fitting so as to submerge exposed junction in
if applicable, for all tests. Install instrumentation to record both
booster and dishwasher inlets.
the pressure and temperature of the gas supplied to the
6.13 Dishracks, 12, Metro Mdl P2MO, 20-in. 3 20-in.,
dishwasher and the barometric pressure during each test so that
peg-type, commercial or acceptable equivalent. Each shall
the measured gas flow can be corrected to standard conditions.
weigh 4.6 6 0.1 lb, and used in the Washing Energy Test (see
9.6 For electric tank heaters and boosters, confirm, while the
10.8).
elements are energized, that the supply voltage is within 6
6.14 Plates, 100, 9-in., ceramic glazed plates, weighing an
2.5 % of the operating voltage specified by the manufacturer. If
average of 1.3 6 0.05 lb each. If plates meeting this criteria
it is not, a voltage regulator may be required during the tests.
cannot be obtained, then it will be necessary to acquire saucers,
Record the test voltage for each test.
as specified in 6.15. See 9.11 prior to obtaining these plates.
9.7 For gas tank heaters and boosters, during maximum
energy input, adjust the gas supply pressure downstream from
NOTE 2—Inter-Americant mdl #132 are within the specified weight
the appliance’s pressure regulator to within 6 2.5 % of the
range and are inexpensive.
operating manifold pressure specified by the manufacturer.
6.15 Saucers, 20, glazed saucers, weighing less than 0.5 lb
Make adjustments to the dishwasher following the manufac-
each. See 9.11 for an explanation of why these may be
turer’s recommendations for optimizing combustion, as appli-
required.
cable.
6.16 Surface Temperature Thermocouple Probe, for measur-
9.8 Install the flow meter (6.9), such that total water flow to
ing dish plates and dishracks temperatures. Resolution and
the booster and dishwasher is measured.
uncertainty shall be the same as in 6.12.
9.9 Install a temperature sensor(s) (6.12) in the wash tank
near the thermostat bulb.
7. Sampling
9.10 Install a temperature sensor (6.12) in the dishwasher
7.1 Dishwasher—A representative production model shall
final rinse water manifold and in the booster inlet. The sensors
be selected for performance testing.
should be installed with the probe immersed in the water.
NOTE 3—Install the thermocouple probes described in 6.12 into final
8. Materials
rinse wa
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