ASTM D2812-07(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for testing cotton for non-lint content is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since it is the best available procedure for obtaining objective data.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method gives data on the non-lint content of raw cotton which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufactured textile product obtainable from raw cotton; (2) predicting the quality of cotton textile products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) assembling and blending bales in a mix on a non-lint content basis; (4) adjusting ginning and textile processing machines for maximum efficiency in cleaning lint; and (5) relating non-lint content of cotton to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-lint content of cotton using the Shirley Analyzer. The cotton may be in the form of (1) raw stock, that is, cotton fiber that has been separated from the seed by ginning; (2) partially processed cotton, such as picker lap or sliver; or (3) ginning or processing waste, such as obtained from ginning, opening and cleaning, picking, carding, or combing machines.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining non-lint content of cotton by use of the Shirley Analyser.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2812 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Non-Lint Content of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non- 4.1 Aknown mass of raw cotton, partially processed cotton,
lint content of cotton using the Shirley Analyzer. The cotton or waste is fed into the machine. The machine, operating on
maybeintheformof(1)rawstock,thatis,cottonfiberthathas mechanical-pneumatic principles, separates the foreign matter
been separated from the seed by ginning; (2) partially pro- from the cotton and discharges the non-lint particles and lint
cessed cotton, such as picker lap or sliver; or (3) ginning or into separate chambers.
processing waste, such as obtained from ginning, opening and
4.2 The amounts of lint and non-lint recovered are calcu-
cleaning, picking, carding, or combing machines.
lated as a percentage of the original specimen mass.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining
5. Significance and Use
non-lint content of cotton by use of the Shirley Analyser.
5.1 Thistestmethodfortestingcottonfornon-lintcontentis
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
shipments since it is the best available procedure for obtaining
only.
objective data.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
statements, see Section 7.
are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are
2. Referenced Documents
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
3. Terminology
of the known bias.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,
5.2 This test method gives data on the non-lint content of
refer to Terminology D7139.
raw cotton which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
net amount of manufactured textile product obtainable from
foreign matter, invisible waste, lint, lint content, non-lint
raw cotton; (2) predicting the quality of cotton textile products,
content, visible waste.
particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) assembling and
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
blending bales in a mix on a non-lint content basis; (4)
Terminology D123.
adjusting ginning and textile processing machines for maxi-
mum efficiency in cleaning lint; and (5) relating non-lint
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
content of cotton to end-product quality and processing effi-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
ciency.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2812 – 07. DOI:
6. Apparatus
10.1520/D2812-07R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Testing Instrument—Shirley Analyzer, commercially
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
available non-lint testing machine operating on mechanical-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pneumatic principles, described in Annex A1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2812 − 07 (2012)
6.2 Laboratory Balance, with a capacity of 200 g, a sensi- day, start the motor and run the machine for 2 to 3 min with the
tivity of 0.01 g, and a pan large enough to weigh a 100-g clutch disengaged and the feed roller inoperative.
specimen of cotton.
11.2 Weigh the specimen (see 8.2.1 and 8.2.2) to the nearest
0.1 g. Record the mass, W.
7. Hazards
11.3 Placement of the Specimen on the Feed Table:
7.1 Use care in running the specimen through the machine.
11.3.1 For testing raw cotton or picker laps, arrange about
Spread the specimen uniformly on the feed plate so that fingers
one third of the specimen in a uniform layer of small tufts on
do not have to come into contact with the feed roll.
the feed table, tearing apart hard lumps where necessary.
7.2 In conducting tests, the machine should be completely
11.3.2 For testing slivers, spread short lengths on the feed
stopped before cleaning any clumps of fiber or trash which
table perpendicular to the feed roller.
have adhered to the upper parts of the delivery box or trash
11.3.3 For testing ginning and processing waste, arrange
tray.
about one fourth of the specimen uniformly on the feed table.
11.4 Open the air control valve, engage the feed roller
8. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens
clutch and start feeding the specimen through the machine.
8.1 Lot Sample—For acceptance testing, take as directed in
Observe the character of the trash as it begins to fall into the
Practice D1441.
tray. Only small amounts of unopened lint should be falling
8.2 Laboratory Sample:
with the trash during the first passage. If there are hard tufts in
8.2.1 Unprocessed or Processed Cotton—Take the labora-
the specimen, it may be necessary to tighten the loading
tory sample and the test specimen as directed in Practice
springs on the feed rollers.
D1441. Do not blend the laboratory sample. Handle it in such
11.5 As the specimen is fed into the machine, continue
a way as to prevent loss of foreign matter. Take a laboratory
placing portions of it on the feed table to maintain a uniform
sample large enough to provide two 100 6 5-g test specimens.
feed rate until the whole specimen has been processed as
8.2.2 Ginning or Processing Waste—Take as a laboratory
indicated by the absence of fibers under the streamer plate.
sample all the waste accumulated during the test run which
11.6 When all of the specimen has passed under the feed
should last long enough to provide one specimen weighing not
roller, collect all lint-bearing trash from the settling chamber
less than 45 g (1 lb).
and trash tray. Spread it over a small central area of the feed
8.3 Test Specimens—Test two 100 6 5-g specimens from
plate and pass it through the analyser.
each laboratory sampling unit.
11.7 Disengage the clutch and close the air control valve
9. Preparation of Specimens
momentarily to allow the cleaned lint to be collected from the
delivery box.
9.1 No special preparation is required, but handle the
laboratory sample and the specimens carefully, particularly
11.8 Pass the cleaned lint through the machine a second
specimens accumulated from ginning and processing waste
time.
products to avoid any loss of leaf, dust, or other foreign matter.
11.9 Remove the lint-bearing trash from the settling cham-
ber and trash tray and pass it through the machine again.
10. Conditioning
11.10 Disengage the feed roller clutch and close the valve
10.1 Do not precondition the test specimens.
momentarily and remove the cleaned lint from the delivery
10.2 Bring the laboratory sample from the prevailing atmo-
box. Weigh it to the nearest 0.1 g. This is the mass of the lint,
sphere to approximate moisture equilibrium with the air of the
L.
room in which the test will be performed by exposing the
11.11 Collect the trash from the trash tray, taking care to
samples at least 24 h.
recover all of the fine particles of trash from the walls of the
NOTE 1—Changes in relative humidity during the test will seriously
settling chamber and the surface of the feed table. Weigh the
affect test results.Although tests may be made in the standard atmosphere
trash to the nearest 0.1 g. This is the mass of the visible waste,
for testing textiles as defined in Terminology D123, studies have shown
V.
that the most efficient separation of lint and fore
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