ASTM C1473-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Urine by Alpha Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Urine by Alpha Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to detect possible exposures to uranium isotopes from occupational operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of uranium in urine at levels of detection dependent on sample size, count time, detector background, and tracer yield. It is designed as a screening tool for detection of possible exposure of occupational workers.
1.2 This test method is designed for 50 mL of urine. This test method does not address the sampling protocol or sample preservation methods associated with its use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1473 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Urine
1
by Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
232
3.1 A urine sample with U tracer solution added is
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of
wet-ashed with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to destroy
uranium in urine at levels of detection dependent on sample
organic material. The uranium-bearing solution is converted to
size, count time, detector background, and tracer yield. It is
a hydrochloric acid medium. Uranium is absorbed on an anion
designed as a screening tool for detection of possible exposure
exchange column from a 9 M hydrochloric acid solution and
of occupational workers.
eluted with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution. The separated
1.2 This test method is designed for 50 mL of urine. This
uranium is prepared for alpha spectrometric measurement
test method does not address the sampling protocol or sample
either by electrodeposition onto a metal disk or coprecipitation
preservation methods associated with its use.
with neodymium fluoride and filtration onto a membrane filter.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1 This test method is used to detect possible exposures to
uranium isotopes from occupational operations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Interferences
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
232
5.1 Thepresenceof Uintheurinesamplewillbemasked
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
233 234
by the tracer addition. The alpha energies of U and U
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cannot be fully resolved by alpha spectrometric measurement.
Atable of uranium isotope alpha energies is given in Appendix
2. Referenced Documents
X1. If neptunium is present in the sample in the plus four
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
oxidation state, it will co–elute with the uranium.
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C1000 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of
6. Apparatus
Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
6.1 Alpha Spectrometry System—Refer to Test Method
C1163 Practice for MountingActinides forAlpha Spectrom-
C1000, and Practices C1163, D3084, and D3648 for guidance.
etry Using Neodymium Fluoride
6.2 Electrodeposition Apparatus—Refer to Practice C1284
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
for guidance.
Alpha Spectrometry
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.3 Neodymium Fluoride Precipitation—Refer to Practice
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
C1163 for guidance.
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
6.4 Borosilicate Beakers or Flasks, 250 mL.
6.5 Borosilicate Beakers, 150 and 250 mL.
1
6.6 Borosilicate Graduated Glass Cylinders, 5, 25, 100, and
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
1000 mL.
Test.
6.7 Ion Exchange Columns, disposable polypropylene, with
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1473 – 05. DOI:
polyethylene frit, ≥5-mL capacity.
10.1520/C1473-11.
2
6.8 Ion Exchange Column Reservoir,funnel,polypropylene,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
100-mL capacity.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for a typical ion exchange column-reservoir setup.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1473 − 11
8. Hazards
8.1 Warning—Adequate laboratory facilities, such as fume
hoods and controlled ventilation, along with safe techniques
must be used in this procedure. Site-specific policies for the
handling of biological materials must be adhered to. Extreme
care should be exercised in using hydrofluoric and other hot,
concentrated acids. The use of proper gloves is recommended.
9. Sampling
9.1 Collect the urine sample in accordance with the site-
specific protocol.
9.2 Preserve the urine sample in accor
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1473–05 Designation:C1473–11
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Urine
1
by Alpha Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodisapplicabletothedeterminationofuraniuminurineatlevelsofdetectiondependentonsamplesize,count
time, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield. It is designed as a screening tool for detection of possible exposure of
occupational workers.
1.2 This test method is designed for 50 mL of urine. This test method does not address the sampling protocol or sample
preservation methods associated with its use.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C1000 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha Spectrometry
C1163 Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
3. Summary of Test Method
232
3.1 A urine sample with U tracer solution added is wet-ashed with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to destroy organic
material. The uranium-bearing solution is converted to a hydrochloric acid medium. Uranium is absorbed on an anion exchange
columnfroma9 Mhydrochloricacidsolutionandelutedwith0.1 Mhydrochloricacidsolution.Theseparateduraniumisprepared
for alpha spectrometric measurement either by electrodeposition onto a metal disk or coprecipitation with neodymium fluoride and
filtration onto a membrane filter.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to detect possible exposures to uranium isotopes from occupational operations.
5. Interferences
232 233 234
5.1 The presence of U in the urine sample will be masked by the tracer addition.The alpha energies of U and U cannot
be fully resolved by alpha spectrometric measurement. A table of uranium isotope alpha energies is given in Appendix X1. If
neptunium is present in the sample in the plus four oxidation state, it will co–elute with the uranium.
6. Apparatus
6.1 AlphaSpectrometrySystem—RefertoTestMethodsMethodC1000,,andPracticesC1163,D3084,andD3648forguidance.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1473–00. DOI: 10.1520/C1473-05.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1473 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C1473-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1473–11
6.2 Electrodeposition Apparatus —Refer to Practice C1284 for guidance.
6.3 Neodymium Fluoride Precipitation—Refer to Test Method —Refer to Practice C1163 for guidance.
6.4 Borosilicate Beakers or Flasks, 250 mL.
6.5 Borosilicate Beakers, 150 and 250 mL.
6.6 Borosilicate Graduated Glass Cylinders, 5, 25, 100, and 1000 mL.
6.7 Ion Exchange Columns, disposable polypropylene, with polyethylene frit,$5-mL capacity.
6.8 Ion Exchange Column Reservoir, funnel, polypropylene, 100-mL capacity.
NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for a typical ion exchange column-reservoir setup.
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Re
...
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