ASTM C1378-97

Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance to staining of ceramic tile surfaces.  
1.2 The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining test solutions in contact with ceramic tile surfaces for a specified period of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned in a defined manner, and the test specimens are inspected visually for change.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1997
• ICS: 81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.06 - Ceramic Tile

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1378-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1378 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Resistance to Staining
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Apparatus
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the resistance 3.1 Test Tubes, plain end glass test tubes with a diameter of
to staining of ceramic tile surfaces. 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
1.2 The resistance to staining is determined by maintaining 3.2 Pipets, glass pipet with a volume of at least 50 mL with
test solutions in contact with ceramic tile surfaces for a gradations in 1-mL increments.
specified period of time. After exposure, the surface is cleaned 3.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
in a defined manner, and the test specimens are inspected 110 6 5°C.
visually for change. 3.4 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent clothes or paper
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the towels.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.5 Distilled or Deionized Water, for preparation of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- solutions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.6 Light Source, standard light source that supplies a 300
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. lux of illumination.
3.7 Cleaning Agents.
2. Staining Agents
3.7.1 Hot water.
2.1 Contrasting Grout, unsanded tile grout, applied as a neat 3.7.2 Weak cleaning agent, a commercial agent, not con-
paste.
taining abrasive, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
2.2 Carbon Lamp Black. 3.7.3 Strong cleaning agent, a commercial cleaning agent
2.3 Waterproof Ink Black.
containing abrasive, with a pH of 9 to 10.
2.4 Washable Ink. 3.7.4 Suitable solvents:
2.5 Potassium Permanganate Solution, 1 %, prepared from
3 % (v/v) HCI solution, prepared from 38 % hydrochloric
acid by adding 79 mL of the reagent hydrochloride
99 % KMnO crystals, dissolve 1g of reagent into 100 mL of
acid solution to 951 mL of distilled water.
distilled water.
20 % KOH solution (200 g/L), prepared by dissolving 200
2.6 Methylene Blue Solution, 1 %.
g of 90 % potassium hydroxide into 1 L of distilled wa-
ter.
2.7 This test method may be used for exposing tile to any
Acetone (technical grade).
staining agent deemed appropriate for the expected service
conditions and may specify any reasonable combination of
4. Samples
time and temperature for the exposure period. Exposure
4.1 Number of Test Specimens—One defect-free test speci-
substances, time, and temperatures should be selected so as to
men, which is representative of the entire surface, for each test
either simulate service conditions, or accelerate staining that is
solution is to be used. Test specimens shall be representative of
possible under expected service conditions, or bear some other
the sample, and where tiles have different colors of decorative
meaningful relation to expected service conditions.
effects, care should be taken to include all distinctive parts.
More test specimens may be necessary to incorperate all
1 surface features.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
4.2 Size of Specimens—The original tile for testing should
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
be cut to 50- by 50-mm squares for testing with each cut piece
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published February 1998.
labeled according to the testing solution to be applied.
Technical grade is available from Fischer Scientific, 2000 Park Lane, Pitts-
4.3 The sample surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned with
burgh, PA 15275.
Use permanent black ink, Quint by Parker, or an equivalent. a suitable solvent, such as acetone and completely dried before
Use washable blue ink, Quint by Parker, or an equivalent.
testing.
Aqueous solution is available from Fischer Scientific, 2000 Park Lane,
Pittsburgh, PA 15275.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1378
4.4 The test specimens can be glazed or unglazed tile. If the three procedures. After each cleaning procedure, the samples
tiles are glazed, then the staining agent should be applied to the are dried thoroughly at 110 6 5°C and cooled to room
glazed surface. temperature.
5.3.1 Procedure A—Flow of running hot water for 5 min;
the su
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