ASTM D5265-03(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
Standard Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Materials shipped in long, narrow packages, with lengths at least three times their width or height, are liable to damage as a result of impact near their midpoint when only the ends are supported. This type of damage can occur during the shipment of packaging of mixed dimensions. It is particularly prevalent during conveyer line transport and sortation. This test method provides a means of determining resistance to such damage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the capability of a long package with a narrow cross-section to resist impact near its center when the package is supported only at its ends. This test method allows the user to select from two test options: Option A employs the use of a free-fall drop tester (see Exhibit B), and Option B employs the use of simulated mechanical impact testing equipment (SMITE; see Exhibit A). The two optional procedures are designed to impart the same amount of kinetic energy at impact; therefore, each procedure yields equal damage-producing potential.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5265–03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Bridge Impact Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the capability 3.1 Definitions—The terms and definitions used in this test
of a long package with a narrow cross-section to resist impact method may be found in Terminology D996.
near its center when the package is supported only at its ends. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Thistestmethodallowstheusertoselectfromtwotestoptions: 3.2.1 elongate package—a package that is long in propor-
OptionAemploys the use of a free-fall drop tester (see Exhibit tion to width and thickness, with lengths at least three times
B), and Option B employs the use of simulated mechanical their width or height.
impact testing equipment (SMITE; see Exhibit A). The two
4. Significance and Use
optional procedures are designed to impart the same amount of
kineticenergyatimpact;therefore,eachprocedureyieldsequal 4.1 Materials shipped in long, narrow packages, with
lengths at least three times their width or height, are liable to
damage-producing potential.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the damage as a result of impact near their midpoint when only the
ends are supported. This type of damage can occur during the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. shipment of packaging of mixed dimensions. It is particularly
prevalentduringconveyerlinetransportandsortation.Thistest
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the method provides a means of determining resistance to such
damage.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Option A—Free-Fall Drop Tester, conforming to the
2. Referenced Documents
conditions specified in 10.2.1 (see Fig. 1).
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1 Impactor,composedofadensehardwood,withamass
of 5.7 6 0.2 kg (12.546 0.4 lb), length of approximately 610
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
w
Paperboard by Oven Drying mm (24 in.), and width of 178 mm (7 in.). The depth can be
adjusted to obtain the desired weight as stated above. The long
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
for Testing edges of the impactor shall be rounded to a radius of 6 62mm
1 1
( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
NOTE 1—If a lighter wood is used, the depth can be adjusted to achieve
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
the correct mass.
Packaging Components for Testing
5.1.2 Support Blocks, made from hardwood, nominal 150
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full width
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
of the largest package to be tested.
of a Lot or Process
5.2 Option B—Commercial SMITE Tester, using a guided
impactor and velocity meter to calculate the theoretical free-
1 fall drop of the missile (see Fig. 2).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical Test 5.2.1 SMITE Tester Impactor (missile), fabricated in a
Methods.
U-shape cross-section from a steel flat plate, with a mass of
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
22.68 60.2kg (50 60.4lb)andlengthofapproximately760
w
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5265 – 03 DOI:
mm (30 in.). The long edges of the missile shall be rounded to
10.1520/D5265-03R09.
1 1
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
a radius of 6 62mm( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE 2—The standard SMITE tester is equipped with a variety of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. interchangeable missiles, providing impact options ranging from flat drop,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5265–03 (2009)
5.2.2 Support Blocks, made from dense hardwood, nominal
150 by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full
width of the largest package to be tested.
6. Sampling
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
performance. For large production runs, lot sampling for
quality control in accordance with Practice E122 is advised.
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three
representative specimens should be selected for performance
evaluation.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 When the protective capability of a package is to be
evaluated, it is preferable to pack the package with the actual
contents for which it was designed (Note 3). When the
capability of a box to withstand rough handling is to be
evaluated, pack the container with either the actual contents or
a load simulating the contents. Regardless of which procedure
is used, close the container in the same manner that will be
used in preparing it for shipment.
NOTE 3—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of
excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the contents with
respect to dimensions, center of gravity, moment of inertia, density, flow
characteristics, etc. shall be used.
7.2 When comparing the performance of various elongated
FIG. 1 Vertical Drop Tester
package designs, it is preferable to test empty erected cartons,
which are closed and sealed in the same manner that will be
used in preparing it for shipment.
7.3 Close and seal the container in the normal manner. Dry
and age sufficiently so that any adhesive, protective coatings,
sealingtape,etc.willhavereachedtheirfinalnormalcondition.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Depending on the purpose of the tests, packages may be
conditioned prior to the bridge impact test by either a different
physical test, water immersion, exposure to water spray, or
exposure to standard or other fixed conditions of air tempera-
ture or humidity.
8.2 Unless otherwise specified, fiberboard packages shall be
conditioned in accordance with Method D685 or Practice
D4332. Other packages shall be conditioned in accordance
with Practice D4332.
8.3 The moisture content of paperboard and fiberboard
packages should be determined in accordance with Test
Method D644.
9. Acceptance Criteria
9.1 Acceptance criteria must be established prior to testing
and should consider the required condition of the product upon
receipt. The organizations conducting the test may choose any
acceptance criteria suitable for their purpose. It is advisable to
compare the type and quantity of damage that occurred to the
test specimens with the damage that occurs during actual
FIG. 2 Simulated Mechanical Impact Testing Equipment (SMITE)
distribution and handling, or with the test results of similar
containers whose shipping history is known.
angle edge drop, half round, half ball, and corner. The total missile
9.2 In many cases, the acceptance criteria can be one of the
assembly, regardless of which face is used, will weigh 22.68 kg (50 lb).
Knowing this, the mass of a SMITE tester is always 22.68 kg. following:
D5265–03 (2009)
(1) Criterion 1—Package is intact and product is damage
h 5 V /2 g ~solving for free2fall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5265–92 (Reapproved 1998) Designation: D 5265 – 03 (Reapproved
2009)
Standard Test Method for
Bridge Impact Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in October 1998.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the capability of a long package with a narrow cross-section to resist impact near
its center when the package is supported only at its ends. This test method allows the user to select from two test options: Option
Aemploys the use of a free-fall drop tester (see Exhibit B), and Option B employs the use of simulated mechanical impact testing
equipment (SMITE; see Exhibit A). The two optional procedures are designed to impart the same amount of kinetic energy at
impact; therefore, each procedure yields equal damage-producing potential.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying
D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing
D775Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
E 122 PracticeforChoiceofSampleSizetoEstimateaMeasureofQualityforaLotorProcessPracticeforCalculatingSample
Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms and definitions used in this test method may be found in Terminology D 996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 elongate package—apackagethatislonginproportiontowidthandthickness,withlengthsatleastthreetimestheirwidth
or height.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Materials shipped in long, narrow packages, with lengths at least three times their width or height, are liable to damage as
a result of impact near their midpoint when only the ends are supported. This type of damage can occur during the shipment of
packaging of mixed dimensions. It is particularly prevalent during conveyer line transport and sortation.This test method provides
a means of determining resistance to such damage.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Handling and
Transportation .
Current edition approved July 15, 1992. Published October 1992.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical Test Methods
.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5265 – 03
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5265 – 03 (2009)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Option A—Free-Fall Drop Tester, conforming to Method D775 , conforming to the conditions specified in 10.2.1 (see Fig.
1).
5.1.1 Impactor, composed of a dense hardwood, with a mass of 5.7 6 0.2 kg (12.546 0.4 lb), length of approximately 610 mm
w
(24 in.), and width of 178 mm (7 in.). The depth can be adjusted to obtain the desired weight as stated above. The long edges of
1 1
the impactor shall be rounded to a radius of 6 62mm( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
NOTE 1—If a lighter wood is used, the depth can be adjusted to achieve the correct mass.
5.1.2 Support Blocks, made from hardwood, nominal 150 by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full width of the
largest package to be tested.
5.2 Option B—Commercial SMITETester, using a guided impactor and velocity meter to calculate the theoretical free-fall drop
of the missile (see Fig. 2).
5.2.1 SMITE Tester Impactor (missile) , fabricated in a U-shape cross-section from a steel flat plate, with a mass of 22.68 6
0.2 kg (50 6 0.4 lb) and length of approximately 760 mm (30 in.). The long edges of the missile shall be rounded to a radius
w
1 1
of 6 62mm( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
NOTE 2—The standard SMITE tester is equipped with a variety of interchangeable missiles, providing impact options ranging from flat drop, angle
edge drop, half round, half ball, and corner. The total missile assembly, regardless of which face is used, will weigh 22.68 kg (50 lb). Knowing this, the
mass of a SMITE tester is always 22.68 kg.
5.2.2 Support Blocks, made from dense hardwood, nominal 150 by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full width
of the largest package to be tested.
6. Sampling
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
performance. For large production runs, lot sampling for quality control in accordance with Practice E 122 is advised.
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three representative specimens should be selected for performance evaluation.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 When the protective capability of a package is to be evaluated, it is preferable to pack the package with the actual contents
for which it was designed (Note 3).When the capability of a box to withstand rough handling is to be evaluated, pack the container
FIG. 1 Vertical Drop Tester
D 5265 – 03 (2009)
FIG. 2 Simulated Mechanical Impact Testing Equipment (SMITE)
with either the actual contents or a load simulating the contents. Regardless of which procedure is used, close the container in the
same manner that will be used in preparing it for shipment.
NOTE 3—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the contents with respect to
dimensions, center of gravity, moment of inertia, density, flow characteristics, etc. shall be used.
7.2Close and seal the container in the normal manner. Dry and age sufficiently so that any adhesive, protective coatings, sealing
tape, etc. will have reached their final normal condition.
7.2 Whencomparingtheperformanceofvariouselongatedpackagedesigns,itispreferabletotestemptyerectedcartons,which
are closed and sealed in the same manner that will be used in preparing it for shipment.
7.3 Closeandsealthecontainerinthenormalmanner.Dryandagesufficientlysothatanyadhesive,protectivecoatings,sealing
tape, etc. will have reached their final normal condition.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Depending on the purpose of the tests, packages may be conditioned prior to the bridge impact test by either a different
physical test, water immersion, exposure to water spray, or exposure to standard or other fixed conditions of air temperature or
humidity.
8.2 Unless otherwise specified, fiberboard packages shall be conditioned in accordance with Method D 685 or Practice D 4332.
Other packages shall be conditioned in accordance with Practice D 4332.
8.3 The moisture content of paperboard and fiberboard packages should be determined in accordance with Test Method D 644.
9. Acceptance Criteria
9.1 Acceptance criteria must be established prior to testing and should consider the required condition of the product upon
receipt. The organizations conducting the te
...
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