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ASTM F683-00

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery

Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance in the selection of types and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping, machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applications. Methods and materials for installation, including lagging, are also detailed.
1.2 Supplemental requirements and exceptions to the requirements discussed herein for ships of the U.S. Navy are included in Supplementary Requirements S1.
1.3 Asbestos or asbestos-containing materials shall not be used.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2002
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.02 - Insulation/Processes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F683-99 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002
Replaced By
ASTM F683-02 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2876-22 - Standard Practice for Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine Applications
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002
Referred By
ASTM F1155-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002
Referred By
ASTM F3319-20 - Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002

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ASTM F683-00 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and MachineryASTM F683-00 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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ASTM F683-00 - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 683 – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping
1
and Machinery
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C 195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating
6
Cement
1.1 This practice provides guidance in the selection of types
C 449/C449M Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-
and thicknesses of thermal insulation materials for piping,
6
Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
machinery, and equipment for nonnuclear shipboard applica-
C 533 Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe
tions. Methods and materials for installation, including lag-
6
Thermal Insulation
ging, are also detailed.
C 534 Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric
1.2 Supplemental requirements and exceptions to the re-
6
Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
quirements discussed herein for ships of the U.S. Navy are
6
C 547 Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
included in Supplementary Requirements S1.
6
C 552 Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
1.3 Asbestos or asbestos-containing materials shall not be
C 553 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal
used.
6
Insulation for Commercial and Industrial Applications
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C 610 Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
6
Pipe Thermal Insulation
information only.
C 612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6
Thermal Insulation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 680 Practice for Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Pipe and Equipment
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6
Systems by the Use of a Computer Program
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C 892 Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket
2 6
2. Referenced Documents Thermal Insulation
D 962 Specification for Aluminum Powder and Paste Pig-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7
ments for Paints
A 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
8
3
D 3400 Specification for Liquid Sodium Silicates
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
F 1138 Specification for Spray Shields for Mechanical
A 653/A 653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
9
Joints
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)
10
4
2.2 Federal Specifications:
by the Hot Dip Process
HH-P-31 Packing and Lagging Material, Fibrous Glass
B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
5
Metallic and Plain Cloth and Tape
Sheet and Plate
TT-P-28 Paint, Aluminum, Heat Resisting (1200°F)
B 209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
10
5
2.3 Military Specifications:
Sheet and Plate [Metric]
DoD-C-15328 Primer (Wash), Pretreatment (Formula No.
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
6
117 for Metals) Metric
als
DoD-C-24596 Coating Compounds, Nonflaming, Fire-
Protective (Metric)
1 DoD-E-24607 Enamel, Interior, Nonflaming (Dry), Chlori-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on nated Alkyd Resin, Semigloss (Metric)
Insulation/Processes.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published March 2001. Originally
published as F 683 – 80. Last previous edition F 683 – 99.
2 7
The latest revision of all referenced documents shall apply. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.07.
5 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 683
DoD-I-24688 Type I, Insulation; Polymide, Sheet and Tube range from 55 to 125°F (13 to 52°C) during normal operation,
MIL-A-3316 Adhesive, Fire-Resistant, Thermal Insulation shall be insulated except as otherwise stated herein.
MIL-A-24179 Adhesive, Flexible, Unicel
...

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ASTM F3319-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships

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1.1 This specification provides requirements for the design of thermal insulation systems for cryogenic piping and equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled ship applications. Methods and materials for installation, including jacketing and vapor retarders, are also detailed.  
1.2 The pipe and equipment operating temperature range addressed by this specification is from a temperature no warmer than –259°F (–162°C) to all temperatures colder.  
1.3 These types of piping systems typically have a small diameter: 3 in. (80 mm) NPS and smaller. However, this specification is not limited to pipes that small.  
1.4 This specification does not address the thermal insulation on either LNG fuel tanks or factory installed, pre-insulated pipe insulation assemblies.  
1.5 The design of removable/reusable insulation systems is not addressed in this specification.  
1.6 Structural design and physical strength of insulation systems are not addressed in this specification. However, the securement of jacketing systems is addressed.  
1.7 For above ambient pipe and equipment not carrying LNG, see Practice F683 for insulation practices.  
1.8 Insulation system weight is not a design criterion considered in this specification.  
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C1289-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board

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This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as nonstructural panels useful in building construction. The materials are classified as follows: Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Under Type I are Classes 1 and 2. Under Type II are Classes 1, 2, and 3. Under Type II Class 1 are Grades 1, 2, and 3. Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself, or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: conditioning; thermal resistance; compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; tensile strength perpendicular to board surface; water absorption; and water vapor transmission.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C488-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Finishes for Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.  
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These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor retarder finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Sag Resistance (Build)  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
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This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Typical mineral-fiber thermal insulation is classified into the following types, classes, and categories: Type I; Type II (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)); and Type III (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)). The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions; thermal resistance; surface burning characteristics; critical radiant flux; water vapor permeance; water vapor sorption; odor emission; corrosiveness; and fungi resistance.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
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1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C585-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
4.3 The wide range of outer diameter dimensional tolerances will prevent many pipe and tube insulations from nesting for staggered joints or double layered applications, or both unless specified when ordered from the manufacturer, distributor, or fabricator.  
4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.  
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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