ASTM D2062-03(2014)

Standard Test Methods for Operability of Zippers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the appropriate sections.  
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of zippers because the methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose, even though current estimates of between-laboratory precision are quite large in some cases.  
4.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057, D2058, D2059, D2060, and D2061 are a collection of proven test methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zippers without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. The enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation of all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by means of the enumerated test methods there are other properties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not been published either because no practical methods have yet been developed or because a valid evaluation of the information resulting from existing unpub...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the following characteristics of zippers:    
Sections  
Opening and Closing of Zippers  
14 – 17  
Separator Functioning of Zippers  
18 – 22  
Sticking of Zippers at Stops  
10 – 13
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2014
• ICS: 61.040 - Headgear. Clothing accessories. Fastening of clothing
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.54 - Subassemblies

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2062 − 03 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Operability of Zippers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining 3.1 Definitions:
the following characteristics of zippers:
3.1.1 For definitions of zipper terms used in these test
Sections
methods, refer to Terminology D2050. For definitions of other
textile terminology used in these test methods, refer to Termi-
Opening and Closing of Zippers 14–17
nology D123.
Separator Functioning of Zippers 18–22
Sticking of Zippers at Stops 10–13
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
appropriate sections.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
ceptance testing of commercial shipments of zippers because
2. Referenced Documents
the methods have been used extensively in the trade for this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purpose, even though current estimates of between-laboratory
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
precision are quite large in some cases.
D2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and Closures
4.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
Used with Textiles
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
D2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
Laundering
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
D2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-
tance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are
cleaning
as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material
D2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that
D2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Crocking
testing. Other materials with established test values may be
D2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
used for this purpose.The test results from the two laboratories
dering
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
D2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
Drycleaning
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
D2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
(Fog)
bias.
D2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
D2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in Test
Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057, D2058,
D2059, D2060, and D2061 are a collection of proven test
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zippers
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassem-
blies. The methods were developed in cooperation with the Slide Fastener Assn.,
without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. The
Inc.
enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation of
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2062 – 03(2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D2062-03R14.
means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. been published either because no practical methods have yet
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2062 − 03 (2014)
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
carton to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
quality level, and limiting quality level.
6.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
tory sample for acceptance testing, take a number of zippers
specified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lot
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
the test specimens.
7. Number of Specimens
7.1 Variables—Take a number of zippers per individual
container from each shipping carton such that the user may
expect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for an
individual container is no more than 10 % of the average above
or below the true average for the individual container. Deter-
minethenumberofzippersperindividualcontainerasfollows:
7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar
materials tested in the users laboratory as directed in the
method, calculate the number of specimens using Eq 1:
2 2 2 2
n 5 ~t 3v !/A 5 0.0270 3v (1)
where:
n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
number),
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
individual observations on similar materials in the
FIG. 1 Slider Sticking on Bottom Stop
users laboratory under conditions of single-
operator precision,
t = 1.645, the value of student’s t for infinite degrees
been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-
of freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 %
tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
probability level (t = 2.706),
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.
A = 10.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable
variation, and
5. Apparatus
2 2
0.0270 = value calculated from t /A .
5.1 Force Indicator (Fig. 1)—A 50-N or 10-lbf capacity
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of v—When there is no reliable
force indicator equipped with a direct-reading dial graduated in
estimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be used
0.5-N or 0.1-lbf divisions, a maximum-reading indicator, and a
directly. Instead, specify the fixed numbers of specimens
clamp suitable for attaching the zipper tape ends to the
shown in Table 1. These numbers of specimens are calculated
indicator.
using values of v which are listed in Table 1 and which are
5.2 Spacer—A piece of metal designed to fit in the pin
somewhat larger values of v than are usually found in practice.
cavity of the fixed retainer of the specimen and having a length
equal to the element pitch of the specimen.
5.3 Hooks, suitable for attaching the force indicator to the
slider pull of a specimen.
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Unknown
Variability in User’s Laboratory, Percent of the Average
6. Sampling
Number of
A
Names of the Properties Basis
Specimens
6.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
Sticking at top stops 47 ν = 41.3
at random the number of individual containers from each
Sticking at bottom stops 32 ν = 34.4
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
Opening zipper 15 ν = 23.4
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
Closing zipper 27 ν = 31.1
Force to move slider, pin fully seated 43 ν = 39.5
A
The values of ν in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in
Drawings for the force indicator fixture shown is available from the various
practice (see 7.1.2).
zipper manufacturers upon request.
D2062 − 03 (2014)
When a reliable estimate of v for the users laboratory becomes
available, Eq 1 will usually require fewer specimens than are
listed in Table 1.
7.2 Attribute Properties—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as
when specified in an applicable material specification, take the
fixed number of 20 specimens for detecting slider movement
with the pin partially seated or not seated.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 Each test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
sembled zipper, except that for the opening and closing
method, a length of chain with an appropriate slider may be
used. Use a zipper or chain not less than 150 mm (6 in.) long.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Specimens to be tested by the use of these methods need
no special conditioning. Testing may be conducted under
prevailing room conditions.
STICKING OF ZIPPERS AT STOPS
10. Summary of Test Method
10.1 The slider is pulled against the stops with a prescribed
force after which the force required to move the slider away
from the stops is determined.
11. Significance and Use
11.1 The slider should move away from the stops readily.
The force required to move the slider is, therefore, a measure-
ment of the serviceability of the zipper in end use applications.
FIG. 2 Slider Sticking on Top Stops
12. Procedure
12.1 Top Stop:
vertical plane until it is against or over the bottom stop and
12.1.1 Disengage any interfering slider-locking elements.
until a force of 18 N (4 lbf) is registered on the force indicator.
Secure the bottom tape ends of the completely assembled and
12.2.2 Without disturbing the slider, secure the bottom tape
open zipper in the clamp of the force indicator as shown in Fig.
ends of the specimen in the clamp of the force indicator (see
1. Locate the clamp edge approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from
Fig. 1) approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the outermost edge
the outermost edge of the bottom stop.With the force indicator
of the bottom stop. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal
set at zero, hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal plane and
plane and move the slider manually downward in a vertical
move the slider manually downward in a vertical plane against
plane until it is clear of the bottom stop. Note and record the
or over the top stops until a force of 18 N (4 lbf) is registered
maximum reading on the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or
on the force indicator. Remove the specimen from the indicator
0.1 lbf.
clamps.
12.1.2 Securethetoptapeendsofthecompletelyassembled
13. Report
andclosedzipperintheclampoftheforceindicator.Locatethe
clamp jaws 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the outermost component.The 13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
tape ends must touch each other at the point of clamping. Sections10–13 ofASTM Test Methods D2062. Describe the
12.1.3 Set the force indicator hand at zero. Hold the pull of material(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of sampling
the slider in a horizontal plane and move the slider manually used.
downward in a vertical plane until it is clear of the top stops.
13.2 Report the following information:
Record the maximum reading on the force indicator to the
13.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, “sticking at top
nearest 0.5 N or 0.1 lbf.
stops”, or “sticking at bottom stops,”
12.2 Bottom Stop: 13.2.2 Observed maximum force required to move the
12.2.1 With the tape ends clamped as shown in Fig. 2, set slider from the top stops or from the bottom stops for each
the force indicator at zero. Move the slider downward in a specimen tested, and
D2062 − 03 (2014)
13.2.3 Number of specimens tested. 16.1.3 Set the force indicator at zero. Holding the pull of the
slider in a horizontal position, manually move the slider
OPENING AND CLOSING OF ZIPPERS
downward in a vertical plane at a uniform rate for a distance of
about 125 mm (5 in.) in approximately 3 s. Take care that the
14. Summary of Test Method
slider does not strike the bottom stop. Record the maximum
14.1 Using a force indicator, the slider is pulled along the
force registered by the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or
zipper chain alternately in the opening and closing directions
0.1 lbf.
and the force required to maintain each movement is recorded.
16.2 Closing—Proceedasdirectedin16.1,exceptsecurethe
bottom tape ends in the force indicator clamps (see Fig. 4). In
15. Significance and Use
the case of a chain specimen, it is not necessary to separate the
15.1 The force required to move the slider on the chain is a
chain below the slider before clamping.
measure of the ease with which the zipper will operate in end
use applications.
17. Report
17.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
16. Procedure
Sections14–17 ofASTM Test Methods D2062. Describe the
16.1 Opening:
material(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of sampling
16.1.1 Disengage all slider locks from the chain, except on
used.
automatic locking sliders. Secure the top end of the completely
17.2 Report the following information:
assembled and closed zipper or chain in the clamp of the force
17.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, to open and to
indicator (see Fig. 3) so that the outermost edge of the
close the zipper,
outermost top stop is approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) from the
17.2.2 Maximum forces required for opening zipper and for
edge of the clamp. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal
closing zipper for each specimen tested, and
plane and move the slider downward manually to a position
17.2.3 Number of specimens tested.
approximately 12 mm (0.5 in.) away from the top stops as
shown in Fig. 3.
SEPARATOR FUNCTIONING OF ZIPPERS
16.1.2 In the case of a chain specimen, separate a portion of
the chain above the slider and secure it in the force indicator 18. Summary of Test Method
clamp with the elements touching. Position the slider so that its
18.1 The slider, chain, and separable unit are placed in
top is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom edges of
various relationships to each other and the force required to
the clamp.
move the slider is determined with the aid of a force indicator.
FIG. 3 Chain Opening FIG. 4 Chain Closing
D2062 − 03 (2014)
19. Significance and Use
19.1 The slider should be capable of starting to close the
zipperattheseparatorunitonlywhenthepinisproperlyseated
in the retainer. If t
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