ASTM F2414-04(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
Standard Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from leaks, cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspectors for installation method specification and for contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for manhole sealing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers proposed selection of materials, installation techniques, and inspection required for sealing manholes using chemical grout. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks shall be repaired. Manholes to be grouted are of brick, block, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete, or fiberglass construction. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks will be designated by the engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspector, for manhole grouting.
1.2 The contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all labor, supervision, materials, equipment, and inspection follow-up required for the completion of chemical grouting of manhole defects in accordance with the contract documents.
1.3 Materials, additives, mixture ratios, and procedures utilized for the grouting process shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be appropriate for the application.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2414 − 04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.2 acrylate—a general term applied to various water-
soluble acrylic resinous materials.
1.1 This practice covers proposed selection of materials,
installation techniques, and inspection required for sealing 2.1.3 authorized inspector—the person(s) contracted or ap-
manholes using chemical grout. Manholes or sections of proved by the owner or owner’s representative to do inspec-
manholes with active leaks shall be repaired. Manholes to be tions.
grouted are of brick, block, cast-in-place concrete, precast
2.1.4 catalyst—substance which markedly speeds up the
concrete, or fiberglass construction. Manholes or sections of
cure of an adhesive when added in small quantities as
manholes with active leaks will be designated by the engineer,
compared to the amounts of primary reactants.
owner’s representative, or authorized inspector, for manhole
2.1.5 chemical grout—injection repair media other than
grouting.
cementitious grout that may be multi-component, with or
1.2 The contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all
without additives, and based on either polyurethane resin or
labor, supervision, materials, equipment, and inspection
acrylic resin.
follow-up required for the completion of chemical grouting of
2.1.6 control agent—substance added which controls the
manhole defects in accordance with the contract documents.
viscosity or flow properties of the material it is added to.
1.3 Materials, additives, mixture ratios, and procedures
2.1.7 engineer—an engineer registered in the state where
utilized for the grouting process shall be in accordance with
the work is to be done who has been contracted by or is acting
manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be appropriate for
on behalf of the owner or the owner’s representative.
the application.
2.1.8 exfiltration—leaking or weeping to the external areas
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
outside the barrier from a source inside the barrier.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2.1.9 expanded gasket procedure (EGP)—the sealing of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. joints, cracks, or holes by soaking dry, oil-free oakum with
chemical grout and forcing the oakum/resin plug into the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
opening until it sets.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2.1.10 hydrophilic grout—hydrophilic grout will absorb and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- react with the water it comes into contact with.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.1.11 hydrophobic grout—hydrophobic grout will repel
water and push it away.
2. Terminology
2.1.12 manhole—vertical shafts that intersect with sewers to
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
allow transitions in alignment and grade and to allow entry for
2.1.1 acrylamide—organic solid of white, odorless, acrylic
cleaning, inspection, and maintenance.
resinous material available in flake-like crystals and in liquid
2.1.13 oakum—loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated
form. The greatest use of acrylamide is as a coagulant aid in
with resin or grout, used chiefly for caulking seams in
drinking water treatment. Other major uses of acrylamide are
structures and boats as well as packing pipe joints.
in soil stabilization, in grout for repairing sewers and in
acrylamide gels used in biotechnology laboratories.
2.1.14 owner’s representative—the individual who has been
contracted to act on behalf of the owner for project planning
and supervision.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology
and Underground Utilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20
2.1.15 polyurethane resin—any of various polymer resins
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
forms are made and used as adhesives, plastics, foams, paints,
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2414 – 04(2009).
DOI: 10.1520/F2414-04R16. or rubber-like materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2414 − 04 (2016)
2.1.16 RCP—reinforced concrete pipe. 4.2.7 Careful consideration of current or potential wet-dry
cycles, ground pressures, and thermal conditions and applica-
2.1.17 rehabilitated manhole—a manhole restored to its
tion requirements must be thoroughly reviewed by the contrac-
intended capacity or use per the specifications.
tor or engineer when choosing or approving the appropriate
2.1.18 repaired or sealed manhole—a manhole that has
type of chemical grout.
been sealed from detected infiltration or exfiltrations, but not
4.2.8 Careful consideration of water type (storm water
necessarily restored to its original designed capacity.
versus waste water) is to be considered when choosing or
2.1.19 sewer—waste water sewer or storm drain sewer.
approving the appropriate type of materials.
4.3 Additives—The chemical grout must be applied so as to
3. Significance and Use
have the grout material flow freely into the defects. To avoid
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of
any wasting of the material flowing through the defects gel
chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from
control agent may be added. Grout additions may also be used
leaks, cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist
for catalyzing the reaction, inhibiting the reaction, buffering the
sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or autho-
solution, lowering the freezing temperature of the solution,
rized inspectors for installation method specification and for
acting as filler, providing strength, or inhibition of root growth.
contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for
4.3.1 Additives must not alter other intended final properties
manhole sealing.
and characteristics of the original material other than the
properties targeted for improvement.
4. Materials
4.4 Material Identification—The contractor shall com-
4.1 Grouting Materials—Chemical grout sealing material:
pletely identify the types of grout, sealant, root control
4.1.1 Acrylamide base gel,
chemicals, or any combination thereof, used and provide case
4.1.2 Acrylic base gel,
histories of successful use or defend the choice of grouting
4.1.3 Hydrophilic polyurethane foam or gel,
materials based on chemical and tested physical properties,
4.1.4 Hydrophobic polyurethane foam or gel, and
ease of application, and expected performance to the satisfac-
4.1.5 Oil-free, oakum-soaked polyurethane resin.
tion of the engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized
4.2 Grouting Materials Characteristics—Specific character-
inspector. The grout materials’ Technical Data Sheets, Material
istics that pertain to the application requirements are to be
Safety Data Sheets, and the manufacturer’s application instruc-
defined and approved by the owner’s representative or project
tions are to be submitted for approval by the engineer, owner’s
engineer of record. The following general characteristics or
representative, or authorized inspector.
properties shall be exhibited by the chemical grout:
4.5 Mixing and Handling:
4.2.1 The chemical grout shall have documented service of
4.5.1 Hazards—Mixing and handling of chemical grout,
satisfactory performance in similar usage and should have a
which may be toxic under certain conditions, shall be in
manufacturer’s written guarantee of performance for the appli-
accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer and
cation of sewer manhole sealing under intended conditions and
in such a manner as to minimize hazard to personnel. It is the
when installed per the manufacturer’s instructions.
responsibility of the contractor to provide appropriate protec-
4.2.2 The chemical grout shall have controllable reaction
tive measures to ensure that the chemicals are handled by
times and minimal shrinkage, as specified by the owner,
authorized personnel and in the proper manner.
owner’s representative, or engineer, through the use of chemi-
4.5.2 All equipment shall be subject to the approval of the
cals supplied by the same manufacturer. The minimum set time
engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspector. Only
shall be established so that adequate grout travel is achieved.
personnel thoroughly familiar with the handling of the grout
4.2.3 The chemical grout shall have resistance to chemicals,
material and additives
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2414 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) F2414 − 04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers proposed selection of materials, installation techniques, and inspection required for sealing manholes
using chemical grout. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks shall be repaired. Manholes to be grouted are of brick,
block, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete, or fiberglass construction. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks will
be designated by the engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspector, for manhole grouting.
1.2 The contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all labor, supervision, materials, equipment, and inspection follow-up
required for the completion of chemical grouting of manhole defects in accordance with the contract documents.
1.3 Materials, additives, mixture ratios, and procedures utilized for the grouting process shall be in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be appropriate for the application.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 acrylamide—organic solid of white, odorless, acrylic resinous material available in flake-like crystals and in liquid form.
The greatest use of acrylamide is as a coagulant aid in drinking water treatment. Other major uses of acrylamide are in soil
stabilization, in grout for repairing sewers and in acrylamide gels used in biotechnology laboratories.
2.1.2 acrylate—a general term applied to various water-soluble acrylic resinous materials.
2.1.3 authorized inspector—the person(s) contracted or approved by the owner or owner’s representative to do inspections.
2.1.4 catalyst—substance which markedly speeds up the cure of an adhesive when added in small quantities as compared to the
amounts of primary reactants.
2.1.5 chemical grout—injection repair media other than cementitious grout that may be multi-component, with or without
additives, and based on either polyurethane resin or acrylic resin.
2.1.6 control agent—substance added which controls the viscosity or flow properties of the material it is added to.
2.1.7 engineer—an engineer registered in the state where the work is to be done who has been contracted by or is acting on
behalf of the owner or the owner’s representative.
2.1.8 exfiltration—leaking or weeping to the external areas outside the barrier from a source inside the barrier.
2.1.9 expanded gasket procedure (EGP)—the sealing of joints, cracks, or holes by soaking dry, oil-free oakum with chemical
grout and forcing the oakum/resin plug into the opening until it sets.
2.1.10 hydrophilic grout—hydrophilic grout will absorb and react with the water it comes into contact with.
2.1.11 hydrophobic grout—hydrophobic grout will repel water and push it away.
2.1.12 manhole—vertical shafts that intersect with sewers to allow transitions in alignment and grade and to allow entry for
cleaning, inspection, and maintenance.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology and Underground Utilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 on
Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009April 1, 2016. Published June 2009May 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
F2414 – 04.F2414 – 04(2009). DOI: 10.1520/F2414-04R09.10.1520/F2414-04R16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2414 − 04 (2016)
2.1.13 oakum—loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated with resin or grout, used chiefly for caulking seams in structures and
boats as well as packing pipe joints.
2.1.14 owner’s representative—the individual who has been contracted to act on behalf of the owner for project planning and
supervision.
2.1.15 polyurethane resin—any of various polymer resins containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are
made and used as adhesives, plastics, foams, paints, or rubber-like materials.
2.1.16 RCP—reinforced concrete pipe.
2.1.17 rehabilitated manhole—a manhole restored to its intended capacity or use per the specifications.
2.1.18 repaired or sealed manhole—a manhole that has been sealed from detected infiltration or exfiltrations, but not necessarily
restored to its original designed capacity.
2.1.19 sewer—waste water sewer or storm drain sewer.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from leaks,
cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspectors
for installation method specification and for contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for manhole sealing.
4. Materials
4.1 Grouting Materials—Chemical grout sealing material:
4.1.1 Acrylamide base gel,
4.1.2 Acrylic base gel,
4.1.3 Hydrophilic polyurethane foam or gel,
4.1.4 Hydrophobic polyurethane foam or gel, and
4.1.5 Oil-free, oakum-soaked polyurethane resin.
4.2 Grouting Materials Characteristics—Specific characteristics that pertain to the application requirements are to be defined
and approved by the owner’s representative or project engineer of record. The following general characteristics or properties shall
be exhibited by the chemical grout:
4.2.1 The chemical grout shall have documented service of satisfactory performance in similar usage and should have a
manufacturer’s written guarantee of performance for the application of sewer manhole sealing under intended conditions and when
installed per the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.2.2 The chemical grout shall have controllable reaction times and minimal shrinkage, as specified by the owner, owner’s
representative, or engineer, through the use of chemicals supplied by the same manufacturer. The minimum set time shall be
established so that adequate grout travel is achieved.
4.2.3 The chemical grout shall have resistance to chemicals, most organic solvents, mild acids, and alkali. The manufacturer of
the chemical grout shall be able to certify that the cured chemical grout is resistant to chemicals, most organic solvents, mild acids,
and alkali and provide such certification to the contractor when requested.
4.2.4 The chemical grout shall be essentially non-toxic in a cured form. The manufacturer of the chemical grout shall be able
to certify that the cured chemical grout is non-toxic and provide such certification to the contractor when requested.
4.2.5 Sealing material shall not be rigid or brittle when subjected to dry atmosphere. Use consideration when selecting materials
for freeze/thaw and moving load conditions. The engineer is to specify which chemical grout type can or cannot be exposed to
dry atmosphere and which types must be installed into soils or wet conditions only, based on the chemical grout properties and
recommended applications.
4.2.6 The sealing material shall be non-corrosive.
4.2.7 Careful consideration of current or potential wet-dry cycles, ground pressures, and thermal conditions and application
requirements must be thoroughly reviewed by the contractor or engineer when choosing or approving the appropriate type of
chemical grout.
4.2.8 Careful consideration of water type (storm water versus waste water) is to be considered when choosing or approving the
appropriate type of materials.
4.3 Additives—The chemical grout must be applied so as to have the grout material flow freely into the defects. To avoid any
wasting of the material flowing through the defects gel control agent may be added. Grout additions may also be used for catalyzing
the reaction, inhibiting the reaction, buffering the solution, lowering the freezing temperature of the solution, acting as filler,
providing strength, or inhibition of root growth.
4.3.1 Additives must not alter other intended final properties and characteristics of the original material other than the properties
targeted for improvement.
4.4 Material Identification—The contractor shall completely identify the types of grout, sealant, root control chemicals, or any
combination thereof, used and pr
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