ASTM D3826-98(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
Standard Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The tensile elongation property determined by this practice is of value for the characterization of degradable materials. The tensile elongation property may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, speed of testing, type of grips used, and manner of measuring test extension. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
The tensile elongation property may be utilized to provide data for research and development and engineering design as well as quality control specifications. However, data from such tests cannot be considered significant for applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the test employed.
Materials that fail by tearing give anomalous data that cannot be compared with those from normal failure.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specifications of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or a combination thereof, covered in the material specifications shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate of degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such as when the tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D 882 is recommended. This practice should not be considered the only way of determining a degradation-end point.
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D 638.
1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.
Note 1—This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension indicators accurate to ±1.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D 638 is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is incorporated in the procedure.
1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copolymers and has screened successfully two other additive-type polyethylenes in a round robin test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
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Designation: D3826 − 98(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable
1
Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-
2. Referenced Documents
end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.)
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
thick.This practice is not intended for determination of the rate
lation
of degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
degradation under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degrada-
Sheeting
tion process (such as when the tensile elongation is signifi-
D5208 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure
cantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D882 is recommended.
of Photodegradable Plastics
This practice should not be considered the only way of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
determining a degradation-end point.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or
greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with
3. Terminology
Test Method D638.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to tension
test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of
testing of plastics appear in the Annex to Test Method D638.
the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.
3.1.2 line grips, n—in tensile testing machines, grips having
faces designed to concentrate the entire gripping force along a
NOTE 1—This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a
measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension
single line perpendicular to the direction of testing stress.
indicators accurate to 61.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D638
3.1.3 tear failure, n—in tensile testing of films, a failure
is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is
characterized by fracture initiating at one edge of the specimen
incorporated in the procedure.
and progressing across the specimen at a rate slow enough to
1.4 This procedure has been successful for determining the
produce an anomalous load-deformation curve.
degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copoly-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mers and has screened successfully two other additive-type
3.2.1 film, n—for the purpose of this practice, a piece of
polyethylenes in a round robin test.
material not exceeding 0.250 mm (0.01 in.) in thickness.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.2 brittle point, n—in degradable polyethylene/
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
polypropylene film, that point in the history of a material when
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 75 % of the specimens tested have a tensile elongation at break
of 5 % or less.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The tensile elongation property determined by this
practice is of value for the characterization of degradable
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
isthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.96onEnvironmentallyDegradable
2
Plastics and Biobased Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3826 – 98 (2002). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3826-98R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D3826–91 Designation:D 3826–98 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable
1
Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
1
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. ´ NOTE—The title was changed editorially in
August 1991.
1. Scope
1.1This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene
films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate of degree of
degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation under some
condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such as when the
tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5%), Test Method D882 is recommended. This practice should not be considered
the only way of determining a degradation-end point. Other degradation-end-point procedures are currently being evaluated and
developed by Subcommittee D20.96 for polyolefins and other plastics such as polystyrene. For example, Test Method D1922 is
being considered as a test for determining a degradation-end point in polyethylene/polypropylene films. Practice D1435 may be
used for determining outdoor weathering of polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting.
1.2Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
D638
1.1 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/
polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick. This practice is not intended for determination of the rate of
degree of degradation of a polyethylene/polypropylene film or sheet, but rather, to assess when in the course of its degradation
under some condition, a brittle point is reached. If one wishes to monitor tensile elongation during the degradation process (such
as when the tensile elongation is significantly greater than 5 %), Test Method D 882 is recommended. This practice should not be
considered the only way of determining a degradation-end point.
1.2 Tensile properties of plastics 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) or greater in thickness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
D 638.
1.3Use1.3 Use a static weighing-constant rate of grip separation test. This procedure employs a constant rate of separation of
the grips holding the sample and a static load cell.
NOTE 1—This procedure is based on the use of grip separation as a measure of extension; however, the desirability of using extension indicators
accurate to 61.0 % or better as specified in Test Method D 638 is recognized, and a provision for the use of such instrumentation is incorporated in the
procedure.
1.4This procedure has been successful for determining the degradation end point of ethylene-carbon-monoxide copolymers, but
its utility for other polymers is yet to be determined by round-robin testing.
1.4 Thisprocedurehasbeensuccessfulfordeterminingthedegradationendpointofethylene-carbon-monoxidecopolymersand
has screened successfully two other additive-type polyethylenes in a round robin test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable
Plastics.
Current edition approved May 15, 1991. Published July 1991.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable
Plastics and Biobased Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1991. Last p
...
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