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ASTM D3511-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1998
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D3511-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling TesterASTM D3511-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
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ASTM D3511-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 3511 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
4
Tumble Piling Test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-
pensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions
3. Terminology
intended to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester.
3.1 Definitions:
This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel
3.1.1 fuzz, n—untangled fiber ends that protrude from the
fabrics including both woven and knitted fabrics.
surface of a yarn or fabric.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
3.1.2 pilling resistance, n—resistance to the formation of
refer to Test Methods D 3512, D 3514, and D 4970.
pills on the surface of a textile fabric.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.3 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers which are
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
the inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact
4. Summary of Test Method
equivalenst; therefore, each system shall be used indepten-
dently of the other. Combining values from the two systems 4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on labora-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tory testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- form fuzz on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. pills. The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the
tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual
2. Referenced Documents
fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
an arbitrary rating scale.
2
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5. Significance and Use
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method for fabrics for
3
Pilling Tester resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing.
D 3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
3
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
D 4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics (Martindale commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
3
Pressure Tester Method)
best available method, even though the method has not been
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: recommended for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
1
comparitive tests should be performed to determine if there is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
Specific.
assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
published as D 3511 – 76. Discontinued November 1995 and reinstated as
D 3511 – 97.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. hocken, PA 19428. Request ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3511
are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from
which the disparate test results were obtai
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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