ASTM D695-23

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2023
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D695 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
chanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid
Gage Section by Shear Loading
plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or
als
loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and
Plastics Specimens
including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites rein-
forced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply
ing Machines
reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.
someter Systems
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.2 ISO Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties
specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminol-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ogy E456.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
2. Referenced Documents duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
2
load. It is expressed in units of length.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing 3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
change in length per unit of original length along the longitu-
dinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D695 - 15. DOI:
10.1520/D0695-23.
(nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Cop
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D695 − 15 D695 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including
high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of
standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000
psi).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests
may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
NOTE 2—This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading
Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Aug. 1, 2023. Published September 2015August 2023. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as D695 - 10.D695 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D0695-15.10.1520/D0695-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D695 − 23
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties
3. Terminology
3.1 General—The definitions of plastics Terms used in this test method are standard are defined in accordance with Terminology
D883 unless otherwise indicated., unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the
terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive load.
It is expressed in units of length.
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the change in length
per unit of origi
...