ASTM D6110-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics
Standard Test Method for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the material specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions and testing parameters required by the materials specification shall take precedence over those required by this test method. Table 1 of Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. If there is no material specification, then the requirements of this test method apply.
5.2 The pendulum impact test indicates the energy to break standard test specimens of specified size under stipulated conditions of specimen mounting, notching (stress concentration), and pendulum velocity at impact.
5.3 For this test method, the energy lost by the pendulum during the breakage of the specimen is the sum of the energies required to initiate fracture of the specimen; to propagate the fracture across the specimen; to throw the free ends of the broken specimen (toss energy); to bend the specimen; to produce vibration in the pendulum arm; to produce vibration or horizontal movement of the machine frame or base; to overcome friction in the pendulum bearing and in the indicating mechanism, and to overcome windage (pendulum air drag); to indent or deform, plastically, the specimen at the line of impact; and to overcome the friction caused by the rubbing of the striking nose over the face of the bent specimen.
Note 5: The toss energy, or the energy used to throw the free ends of the broken specimen, is suspected to represent a very large fraction of the total energy absorbed when testing relatively dense and brittle materials. No procedure has been established for estimating the toss energy for the Charpy method.
5.4 For tough, ductile, fiber-filled, or cloth-laminated materials, the fracture propagation energy is usually large compared to the fracture initiation energy. When testing these materials, energy losses due to fracture propagation, vibration, friction between the striking no...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the resistance of plastics to breakage by flexural shock as indicated by the energy extracted from standardized (see Note 1) pendulum-type hammers, mounted in standardized machines, in breaking standard specimens with one pendulum swing. This test method requires specimens to be made with a milled notch (see Note 2). The notch produces a stress concentration which promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture. The results of this test method are reported in terms of energy absorbed per unit of specimen width (see Note 3).
Note 1: The machines with pendulum-type hammers have been standardized in that they must comply with certain requirements including a fixed height of hammer fall, which results in a substantially fixed velocity of the hammer at the moment of impact. Hammers of different initial energies (produced by varying their effective weights), however, are recommended for use with specimens of different impact resistance. Moreover, manufacturers of the equipment are permitted to use different lengths and constructions of pendulums with possible differences in pendulum rigidities resulting (see Section 5). Be aware that other differences in machine design do exist.
Note 2: The specimens are standardized in that they have a fixed length and fixed depth, however, the width of the specimens is permitted to vary between limits. One design of milled notch is allowed. The notch in the specimen serves to concentrate the stress, minimize plastic deformation, and direct the fracture to the part of the specimen behind the notch. Scatter in energy-to-break is thus reduced. Because of differences in the elastic and viscoelastic properties of plastics, however, response to a given notch varies among materials.
Note 3: Caution must be exercised in interpreting the results of this test method. The following testing parameters have been shown to affect test results significant...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6110 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched
1
Specimens of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method is used to determine the resistance of
plastics to breakage by flexural shock as indicated by the
NOTE 4—This standard resembles ISO179 in title only. The content is
significantly different.
energy extracted from standardized (see Note 1) pendulum-
type hammers, mounted in standardized machines, in breaking
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
standard specimens with one pendulum swing. This test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
methodrequiresspecimenstobemadewithamillednotch(see
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Note 2). The notch produces a stress concentration which
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture.The results of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
this test method are reported in terms of energy absorbed per
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
unit of specimen width (see Note 3).
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—The machines with pendulum-type hammers have been
2
standardizedinthattheymustcomplywithcertainrequirementsincluding 2.1 ASTM Standards:
a fixed height of hammer fall, which results in a substantially fixed
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
velocity of the hammer at the moment of impact. Hammers of different
D647Practice for Design of Molds for Test Specimens of
initialenergies(producedbyvaryingtheireffectiveweights),however,are
3
Plastic Molding Materials (Withdrawn 1994)
recommended for use with specimens of different impact resistance.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
Moreover, manufacturers of the equipment are permitted to use different
lengths and constructions of pendulums with possible differences in
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
pendulum rigidities resulting (see Section 5). Be aware that other
als
differences in machine design do exist.
D4066Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extru-
NOTE 2—The specimens are standardized in that they have a fixed
sion Materials (PA)
length and fixed depth, however, the width of the specimens is permitted
to vary between limits. One design of milled notch is allowed. The notch D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
in the specimen serves to concentrate the stress, minimize plastic
Plastics Specimens
deformation, and direct the fracture to the part of the specimen behind the
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
notch. Scatter in energy-to-break is thus reduced. Because of differences
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
in the elastic and viscoelastic properties of plastics, however, response to
a given notch varies among materials.
3. Terminology
NOTE 3—Caution must be exercised in interpreting the results of this
test method. The following testing parameters have been shown to affect
3.1 Definitions—For definitions related to plastics, see Ter-
test results significantly: method of specimen fabrication, including but
minology D883.
not limited to processing technology, molding conditions, mold design,
andthermaltreatment;methodofnotching;speedofnotchingtool;design
of notching apparatus; quality of the notch; time between notching and 4. Summary of Test Method
test; test specimen thickness; test specimen width under notch; and
4.1 Anotched specimen is supported as a horizontal simple
environmental conditioning.
beamandisbrokenbyasingleswingofthependulumwiththe
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
impactlinemidwaybetweenthesupportsanddirectlyopposite
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the notch.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Documen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6110 − 17 D6110 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched
1
Specimens of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is used to determine the resistance of plastics to breakage by flexural shock as indicated by the energy
extracted from standardized (see Note 1) pendulum-type hammers, mounted in standardized machines, in breaking standard
specimens with one pendulum swing. This test method requires specimens to be made with a milled notch (see Note 2). The notch
produces a stress concentration which promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture. The results of this test method are reported
in terms of energy absorbed per unit of specimen width (see Note 3).
NOTE 1—The machines with pendulum-type hammers have been standardized in that they must comply with certain requirements including a fixed
height of hammer fall, which results in a substantially fixed velocity of the hammer at the moment of impact. Hammers of different initial energies
(produced by varying their effective weights), however, are recommended for use with specimens of different impact resistance. Moreover, manufacturers
of the equipment are permitted to use different lengths and constructions of pendulums with possible differences in pendulum rigidities resulting (see
Section 5). Be aware that other differences in machine design do exist.
NOTE 2—The specimens are standardized in that they have a fixed length and fixed depth, however, the width of the specimens is permitted to vary
between limits. One design of milled notch is allowed. The notch in the specimen serves to concentrate the stress, minimize plastic deformation, and direct
the fracture to the part of the specimen behind the notch. Scatter in energy-to-break is thus reduced. Because of differences in the elastic and viscoelastic
properties of plastics, however, response to a given notch varies among materials.
NOTE 3—Caution must be exercised in interpreting the results of this test method. The following testing parameters have been shown to affect test
results significantly: method of specimen fabrication, including but not limited to processing technology, molding conditions, mold design, and thermal
treatment; method of notching; speed of notching tool; design of notching apparatus; quality of the notch; time between notching and test; test specimen
thickness; test specimen width under notch; and environmental conditioning.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 4—This standard resembles ISO 179 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3
D647 Practice for Design of Molds for Test Specimens of Plastic Molding Materials (Withdrawn 1994)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions related to plastics, see Terminology D883.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017April 1, 2018. Published January 2018April 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
D6110 - 10.D6110 - 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6110-17.10.1520/D6110-18.
2
For referenced A
...
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