ASTM D7272-06(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Significance—With the increased use of geomembranes as a barrier material to restrict liquid migration from one location to another, a need has been created for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of geomembrane seams produced by tape methods. In the case of geomembranes, it has become evident that geomembrane seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. This is an index type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality engineer with sufficient seam peel and shear data to evaluate seam quality.
Use—Recording and reporting data such as separation that occurs during the peel test and elongation during the shear test, will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of inferior seams during construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation while in service. The acceptable value of adhesion measured will, of course, vary from product to product as a result of different formulations and types of products. However, once a product is established, minimum values of separation force can be determined and agreed to by producer and consumer and both can monitor the installation to assure maintenance of the agreed-upon minimum value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and/or quality assurance tests to determine the integrity of seams produced using taped seaming methods. This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of taped seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. These test procedures are intended for non-reinforced and reinforced geomembranes.
1.2 The types of tape seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following.
1.2.1 Inseam Tape—This technique requires the membrane to be overlapped a minimum distance. The top sheet is folded back and both the bottom sheet and the top sheet are primed with an adhesive primer. The primer is allowed to flash-off. The tape adhesive is applied to the bottom sheet so that a minimum of the tape will extend out from under the top sheet when laid over the tape. The top sheet is allowed to lay flat over the tape and the release paper is removed by pulling it at a 45 to 90 degree angle, keeping the release paper flat to the surface of the bottom sheet. The seam area is then rolled with a silicone sleeved roller.
1.2.2 Cover Strip Tape—This technique requires the membrane to be overlapped a minimum distance. An area either side of the seam edge is primed. The primer is allowed to flash-off. The cover strip is applied with the adhesive side down centered over the top sheet edge while removing the release paper as it proceeds along centered over the edge of the top sheet. The cover strip is then rolled with a silicone sleeved roller.
1.3 For nondestructive test methods, see Practice D4437.
1.4 This test method is applicable for seaming processes that use tape adhesive as a seaming mechanism.
1.5 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria are made according to the site-specific contract plans, specifications, and contractor quality control/contractor quality assurance (CQC/CQA) documents.
1.6 In case of a material specific test method, this test method shall take precedence.
1.7 Hazardous Materials—Always consult the proper material safety data sheets for any hazardous material used for the proper ventilation and protection. The use of the oven in these test methods, in this practice, may accelerate fume production from the test specimen.
1.8 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and...
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Designation: D7272 − 06 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining
Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 In case of a material specific test method, this test
method shall take precedence.
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control
and/or quality assurance tests to determine the integrity of 1.7 Hazardous Materials—Always consult the proper mate-
seams produced using taped seaming methods. This test rial safety data sheets for any hazardous material used for the
method presents the procedures used for determining the proper ventilation and protection. The use of the oven in these
quality of taped seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. test methods, in this practice, may accelerate fume production
These test procedures are intended for non-reinforced and from the test specimen.
reinforced geomembranes.
1.8 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
be regarded separately as the standard. Values in parentheses
1.2 The types of tape seaming techniques used to construct
geomembrane seams include the following. are for information only.
1.2.1 Inseam Tape—This technique requires the membrane
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to be overlapped a minimum distance. The top sheet is folded
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
back and both the bottom sheet and the top sheet are primed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
withanadhesiveprimer.Theprimerisallowedtoflash-off.The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tape adhesive is applied to the bottom sheet so that a minimum
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the tape will extend out from under the top sheet when laid
2. Referenced Documents
over the tape. The top sheet is allowed to lay flat over the tape
and the release paper is removed by pulling it at a 45 to 90
2.1 ASTM Standards:
degreeangle,keepingthereleasepaperflattothesurfaceofthe D413 TestMethodsforRubberProperty—AdhesiontoFlex-
bottom sheet. The seam area is then rolled with a silicone
ible Substrate
sleeved roller.
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.2.2 Cover Strip Tape—This technique requires the mem-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
branetobeoverlappedaminimumdistance.Anareaeitherside
Fluids
of the seam edge is primed. The primer is allowed to flash-off.
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Thecoverstripisappliedwiththeadhesivesidedowncentered
Sheeting
over the top sheet edge while removing the release paper as it D4437 Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for De-
proceeds along centered over the edge of the top sheet. The
termining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible
cover strip is then rolled with a silicone sleeved roller. Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.3 For nondestructive test methods, see Practice D4437.
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
1.4 This test method is applicable for seaming processes
of Geosynthetics
that use tape adhesive as a seaming mechanism.
D5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Tex-
1.5 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria are tured Geomembranes
made according to the site-specific contract plans,
3. Terminology
specifications, and contractor quality control/contractor quality
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other geosynthetic terms
assurance (CQC/CQA) documents.
used in this method, refer to Terminology D4439. For defini-
tions of soil terms, refer to Terminology D653.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
branes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2006. Last previous version approved 2006 as D7272–06.DOI: 10.1520/D7272- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
06R11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7272 − 06 (2011)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) in length. Smooth surfaces, fine
3.2.1 tape adhesive, n—solid strip of prefabricated or manu- serrated or coarse serrated grip faces, use the grips that have all
factured adhesive factory laminated to a release paper used to been found to be suitable for testing, depending on type of
join two polymer sheets. geomembrane seams that are being tested.
3.2.2 tape adhesive seam, n—adhesive-based tape placed
NOTE1—Gripslinedwiththinrubber,crocus-clothorpressuresensitive
between two polymer sheet materials forming a surface bond. tape as well as file-faced or serrated grips have been successfully used for
many materials. The choice of grip surface will depend on the material
3.2.3 cover strip adhesive, n—solid strip of prefabricated or
tested, thickness, etc.
manufactured adhesive factory laminated to layer of polymer
5.2.4 Drive Mechanism—A drive mechanism for imparting
sheet material factory laminated to a release paper used to join
to the movable member in uniform, controlled velocity with
two polymer sheets.
respect to the stationary member. Unless otherwise specified in
3.2.4 cover strip adhesive seam, n—adhesive-based lami-
the material specification, the mechanism shall be capable of
nated tape placed over two overlapping polymer sheet materi-
and adjusted so that the movable member shall have a uniform
als forming a surface bond.
speed of 50 mm/min, (2 in./min), 300 mm/min (12 in./min),
and 500 mm/min (20 in./min).
4. Significance and Use
5.2.5 Load Indicator—A suitable load-indicating mecha-
4.1 Significance—With the increased use of geomembranes
nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the
as a barrier material to restrict liquid migration from one
test specimen when held by the grips.This mechanism shall be
location to another, a need has been created for a standard test
essentially free of inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and
method to evaluate the quality of geomembrane seams pro-
shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of the
duced by tape methods. In the case of geomembranes, it has
indicated value or better.
become evident that geomembrane seams can exhibit separa-
5.2.6 Extension Indicator (Extensometer) (If Employed)—A
tion in the field under certain conditions. This is an index type
suitable instrument shall be used for determining the distance
test method used for quality assurance and quality control
between two designated points within the gage length of the
purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality engineer
test specimen as the specimen is stretched and shall conform to
with sufficient seam peel and shear data to evaluate seam
requirements specified in Test Method D638.
quality.
6. Sampling and Specimen Preparation
4.2 Use—Recording and reporting data such as separation
that occurs during the peel test and elongation during the shear
6.1 Trial Seam Sample—A representative seam from each
test, will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures
seaming crew, fabricated from the same sheet material, and
necessary to ensure the repair of inferior seams during
using the seaming methods as those recommended by the
construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam
geomembrane fabricator manufacturer, shall be used for this
separation while in service. The acceptable value of adhesion
method.
measured will, of course, vary from product to product as a
6.1.1 Destructive Seam Sample—Alternatively,cutaportion
result of different formulations and types of products.
of the fabricated seam from the installed liner or a daily test
However, once a product is established, minimum values of
seam sample in accordance with the project specifications. It is
separation force can be determined and agreed to by producer
recommended that the cutout sample be 0.3 m (1 ft) wide and
and consumer and both can monitor the installation to assure
0.45 m (1.5 ft) in length with the seam centered in the middle
maintenance of the agreed-upon minimum value.
of the seam.
6.1.2 Specimen Preparation—Five specimens shall be cut
5. Apparatus
from the submittal sample for each the Peel and Shear test.The
specimens for the Peel test shall be cut using a calibrated die,
5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirements
25 6 3 mm (nominal 1 6 0.125 in.) wide by 150 63mm
outlined in Test Method D638 or D882.
(nominal 6 6 0.125 in.) long die. The Specimens for the Shear
5.2 A testing machine of the constant-rate-of-cross head
testshallbediecutusingacalibrateddie,25 63mm(nominal
movement type comprising essentially of the following:
1 6 0.125 in.) wide by 2 inches greater than the width of the
5.2.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary
seam. Specimens shall be such that the die is centered over the
member carrying one grip.
sample seam, perpendicular to the centerline of the seam. Peel
5.2.2 Movable Member—A movable member carrying a
and shear specimens shall be cut as shown in Fig. 1.
second grip.
6.1.3 Conditioning—Samples should be conditioned for 24
5.2.3 Grips—Grips for holding the test specimen between
hours in a standard laboratory environment that conforms to
the fixed member and the movable member and minimizes
the requirements for testing geosynthetics as stated in Termi-
both slippage and uneven stress distribution. The grips shall be
nology D4439.
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