ASTM F218-13

Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by presence of residual stresses due to process, differential thermal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions. This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of stresses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stress in glass by means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by Jessop and Friedel (1, 2).2 Stress is evaluated as a function of optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.  
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2013
• ICS: 81.040.01 - Glass in general
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F218 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in
1
Glass
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF218;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheanalysisofstressinglassby
4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by
means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by
presence of residual stresses due to process, differential ther-
2
Jessop and Friedel (1, 2). Stress is evaluated as a function of
mal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions.
optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of
This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of
an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.
stresses.
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
5. Calibration and Standardization
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Whenever calibration of the polarimeter is required by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
product specification, Practices C1426 for verification and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
calibration should be used.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Polarimeter
2. Referenced Documents
3
6.1 The polarimeter shall consist of an arrangement similar
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to that shown in Fig. 1. A description of each component
C162Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
follows:
C770Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—
6.1.1 Source of Light—Either a white light or a monochro-
Optical Coefficient
matic source such as sodium light (λ 589 nm) or a white light
C978Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re-
covered with a narrow-band interferential filter B, (see Fig. 1,)
sidual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a
transmitting the desired monochromatic wavelength.
Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-
sation Procedures
NOTE 1—The white light should provide a source of illumination with
C1426Practices forVerification and Calibration of Polarim-
solar temperature of at least that of Illuminant A.
eters
6.1.2 Filter—The filter should be placed between the light
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
source and the polarizer, or between the analyzer and the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
viewer (see Fig. 1).
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
6.1.3 Diffuser—A piece of opal glass or a ground glass of
ASTM Test Methods
photographic quality.
3. Terminology 6.1.4 Polarizer—Apolarizing element housed in a rotatable
mount capable of being locked in a fixed position shown in
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
Terminology C162.
6.1.5 Immersion Cell—Rectangular glass jar with strain-
1 free, retardation-free viewing sides filled with a liquid having
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
the same index of refraction as the glass specimen to be
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
measured. It may be surmounted with a suitable device for
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
holding and rotating the specimen, such that it does not stress
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F218–12. DOI:
the specimen.
10.1520/F0218-13.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the reports and papers appearing
NOTE2—Suitableindexliquidsmaybepurchasedormixedasrequired.
in the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
Dibutyl phthalate (refractive index 1.489), and tricresyl phosphate (index
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.555) may be mixed to produce any desired refractive index between the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on twolimits,therefractiveindexbeingalinearfunctionoftheproportionof
the ASTM website. one liquid to the other. Other liquids that may be used are:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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F218 − 13
“crossed” with respect to that of the polarizer; that is, the two
directions must be at right angles to each other. In this
relationship a minimum amount of light will pass through the
combination.To check t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F218 − 12 F218 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in
1
Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stress in glass by means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by Jessop
2
and Friedel (1, 2). Stress is evaluated as a function of optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of an analyzing
polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C770 Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient
C978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing
Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures
C1426 Practices for Verification and Calibration of Polarimeters
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C162.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by presence of residual stresses due to process, differential thermal
expansion between fused components, and by inclusions. This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of stresses.
5. Calibration and Standardization
5.1 Whenever calibration of the polarimeter is required by product specification, Practices C1426 for verification and calibration
should be used.
6. Polarimeter
6.1 The polarimeter shall consist of an arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 1. A description of each component follows:
6.1.1 Source of Light—Either a white light or a monochromatic source such as sodium light (λ 589 nm) or a white light covered
with a narrow-band interferential filter B, (see Fig. 1,) transmitting the desired monochromatic wavelength.
NOTE 1—The white light should provide a source of illumination with solar temperature of at least that of Illuminant A.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on Physical
and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2013. Published March 2012October 2013. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
F218 – 05.F218 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0218-12.10.1520/F0218-13.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the reports and papers appearing in the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F218 − 13
A—Light source (white, sodium vapor, or mercury vapor arc)
B—Filter (used only with mercury arc light) (used with white light)
C—Diffuser
D—Polarizer
E—Immersion cell
F—Full-wave plate (used only with white light)
G—Quarter-wave plate
H—Analyzer
I—Telescope
FIG. 1 Polarimeter
6.1.2 Filter—The filter should be placed between the light source and the polarizer, or between the analyzer and the viewer (see
Fig. 1).
6.1.3 Diffuser—A piece of opal glass or a ground glass of photographic quality.
6.1.4 Polarizer—A polarizing element housed in a rotatable mount capable of being locked in a fixed position shown in
Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
6.1.5 Immersion Cell—Rectangular glass jar with strain-free, retardation-free viewing sides filled with a liquid having the same
index of refraction as the glass specimen to be measured.
...