ASTM E1922-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The parameter KTL determined by this test method is a measure of the resistance of a polymer matrix composite laminate to notch-tip damage and effective translaminar crack growth under opening mode loading. The result is valid only for conditions in which the damage zone at the notch tip is small compared with the notch length and the in-plane specimen dimensions.
This test method can serve the following purposes. In research and development, KTL data can quantitatively establish the effects of fiber and matrix variables and stacking sequence of the laminate on the translaminar fracture resistance of composite laminates. In acceptance and quality control specifications, KTL data can be used to establish criteria for material processing and component inspection.
The translaminar fracture toughness, KTL, determined by this test method may be a function of the testing speed and temperature. This test method is intended for room temperature and quasi-static conditions, but it can apply to other test conditions provided that the requirements of 9.2 and 9.3 are met. Application of KTL in the design of service components should be made with awareness that the test parameters specified by this test may differ from service conditions, possibly resulting in a different material response than that seen in service.
Not all types of laminated polymer matrix composite materials experience the contained notch-tip damage and effective translaminar crack growth of concern in this test method. For example, the notch-tip damage may be more extensive and may not be accompanied by any significant amount of effective translaminar crack growth. Typically, lower strength composite materials and those with a significant proportion of reinforcing fibers aligned in a direction perpendicular to the notch axis may not experience the contained notch-tip damage required for a valid test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translaminar fracture toughness, KTL, for laminated and pultruded polymer matrix composite materials of various ply orientations using test results from monotonically loaded notched specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature laboratory air environments.
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test results meet the requirements of this test method. This test method was developed primarily from test results of various carbon fiber - epoxy matrix laminates and from additional results of glass fiber - epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber - bismaleimide matrix laminates (1-4, 6, 7).
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimensions is provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in this test method may be used, provided that stress intensity calibrations are available and that the test results meet the requirements of this test method. It is particularly important that the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen configurations.
1.6 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1922–04
Standard Test Method for
Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and
1
Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translami-
nar fracture toughness, K , for laminated and pultruded
TL
2. Referenced Documents
polymer matrix composite materials of various ply orientations
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
using test results from monotonically loaded notched speci-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
mens.
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
laboratory air environments.
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test
trix Composite Materials
results meet the requirements of this test method. This test
D5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture
method was developed primarily from test results of various
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional
Matrix Composites
results of glass fiber – epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix
2 E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
laminates (1-4, 6, 7).
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch ten-
someter Systems
sion, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimen-
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
sions is provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted,
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-
thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.
ing
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in
this test method may be used, provided that stress intensity
3. Terminology
calibrations are available and that the test results meet the
3.1 Definitions:
requirements of this test method. It is particularly important
3.1.1 Terminology E6, E1823, and D3878 are applicable to
that the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding
this test method.
contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
specimen configurations.
3.2.1 notch-mouth displacement, V [L]—the Mode I (also
n
1.6 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
called opening mode) component of crack or notch displace-
standard.
ment due to elastic and permanent deformation. The displace-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment is measured across the mouth of the notch on the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen surface (see Fig. 1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 notch length, a [L]—the distance from a reference
n
plane to the front of the machined notch. The reference plane
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
depends on the specimen form, and normally is taken to be
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E1922–97. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E1922-04. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1922–04
FIG. 1 Test Arrangement for Translaminar Fracture Toughness Tests
eithertheboundary,oraplanecontainingeithertheloadlineor 5. Significance and Use
the centerline of a specimen or
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.