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ASTM E1535-93(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will yield data that will form a performance profile for an anaerobic digester facility. The significance of this profile is that it can be compared directly to another facility’ performance profile and yield a measurement of expected facility performance under field conditions.
This test method will also yield data that can be used to verify the operation of a system to a regulatory agency.
The single black box technique applied to performance evaluation examines only the overall input/output relationship. This implies that the operation of the facility during the tests will be conducted to achieve design conditions in accordance with established procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to all anaerobic digestion systems.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method is applicable to all anaerobic digestion systems.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E48 on Biotechnology, this test method was withdrawn in May 2011 with no replacement because it evaluates the performance of process and is no longer relevant.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
Withdrawal Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
07.100.10 - Medical microbiology
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.05 - Biomass Conversion
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1535-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM E1535-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)ASTM E1535-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)
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ASTM E1535-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems (Withdrawn 2011)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1535–93 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Performance Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope duction, and waste biomass, to provide a methodology for
evaluation of the operation of an aerobic digester.
1.1 This test method is applicable to all anaerobic digestion
systems.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This test method will yield data that will form a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
performance profile for an anaerobic digester facility. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
significance of this profile is that it can be compared directly to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
another facility’s performance profile and yield a measurement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of expected facility performance under field conditions.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 This test method will also yield data that can be used to
verify the operation of a system to a regulatory agency.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 The single black box technique applied to performance
E1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels
evaluation examines only the overall input/output relationship.
2.2 Standard Methods (SM) for Analysis of Water and
This implies that the operation of the facility during the tests
Wastewater:
will be conducted to achieve design conditions in accordance
2540 D Total Suspended Solids
with established procedures.
2720 B Sludge Digester Gas (Volume)
+
4500 FNH Nitrogen (Ammonia)
6. Procedure
4500 B Nitrogen (Organic), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
6.1 Conduct the test for a predetermined period mutually
5210 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand
agreed upon by all parties participating in the testing program.
5220 B Chemical Oxygen Demand
Start the test period when the system manufacturer determines
5520 D Oil and Grease
that the system has reached normal operating conditions.
3. Terminology Record the time period between the initial loading of the
system with waste and the start of the test period. A minimum
3.1 Definition—see Terminology E1126.
test period of 90 days is suggested.
3.1.1 biogas—a composition of methane and carbon diox-
6.2 Determine the influent and effluent concentrations of the
ide and minor constituents produced by the digestion of
following, using the methods recommended, total suspended
organic substrates in the absence of oxygen.
+
solids (TSS) SM 2540 D, NH nitrogen (ammonia) (AN) SM
4. Summary of Test Method
4500 F, nitrogen (organic)-total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) SM
4500 B, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) SM 5210 B,
4.1 This test method measures the concentration and mass
chemical oxygen demand (COD) SM 5220 B, and oil and
oftheinfluentandeffluentwastes,respectively,aswellasother
grease (OG) SM 5520 D.The sampling frequency and location
operational parameters such as input energy, output gas pro-
of sampling shall be mutually agreed upon by all parties
involved in the project. As a minimum, weekly sampling of a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
composite sample of 24 h of influent and effluent is suggested.
Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass
6.3 Measure the gas production continuously, using SM
Conversion.
2720 B, or equivalent. Analyze the gas compositions using a
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1535 – 93 (1998).
gas chromatograph (GC) to determine the composition of CH .
DOI: 10.1520/E1535-93R06.
The GC analysis frequency shall be mutually agreed upon by
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
all parties participating in the testing program.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 6.4 Measure the thermal energy input. The most common
the ASTM website.
method of thermal energy input is hot water supplied to the
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
system using a heat exchanger. Monitor the energy input on a
on www.astm.org.
Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1535–93 (2006)
TABLE 1 Data Collection Form for Anaerobic Digestion System
continuous basis by measuring the flow rate of hot water to the
Performance Evaluation
system and the influent and effluent flow temperatures, using
(1) Date:
the reference procedures and equipment.
(2) Influent concentrations, mg/L
6.5 Record the horsepower of any motors connected more
Total suspended solids (TSS)
Ammonia nitrogen (AN)
than 50 % of the time during a 24 h operation.
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
6.6 Record the weight of any material removed from the
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
system during the test period.
Oil and grease (OG)
(3) Effluent concentrations, mg/L
Total suspended solids (TSS)
7. Calculation
Ammonia nitrogen (AN)
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
7.1 Data Collection—See Table 1.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
7.2 Data Calculations—See Table 2.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Oil and grease (OG)
7.3 Data Summary—See Table 3.
(4) Cumulative system parameters measured during test
Volume of waste processed, gal
Waste density, lb/gal
8. Precision and Bias
Volume of biogas produced, ft
Biogas methane content, weight %
8.1 The precision and bias of this test method are still under
Solids wasted from reactor, gal
evaluation.
Heating water supplied, gal
Heating water supply temperature, °F
Heating water return temperature, °F
9. Keywords
Total continuous horsepower, hp
Chemicals added, name of chemical
9.1 anaerobic digestion; biogas; biomass; waste treatment
Chemicals added, lb
Brief description of facilities inc
...

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SCOPE
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1.4 These procedures could generate observations indicating a positive test for phencyclidine and its analogues which could be incorporated into the analytical scheme as defined by the laboratory.  
1.5 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience (see Practice E2326) and is to be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2148-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Delayed Contact Hypersensitivity Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The propensity of a material to stimulate delayed contact hypersensitivity must be assessed before clinical application of devices containing this material. Delayed hypersensitivity may occur anywhere in the body. Systemic delayed hypersensitivity may have a complex set of reactions and consequences depending on the actual tissue/organ site of reaction. Although the reactions are seldom life-threatening, severe tissue and organ damage my result over time. Skin is the usual test site to determine the propensity of a material to cause delayed hypersensitivity.  
5.2 The standard historical test methods have involved the use of guinea pigs with a cutaneous application and observation of the reaction site. The use of the murine local lymph node assay results in a numerical quantitation of stimulation, rather than subjective evaluation and could be used to determine dose responses.  
5.3 This practice may not be predictive of events occurring during all types of implant applications. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the method in view of the materials being tested, their potential applications, and the recommendations contained in Practice F748.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a methodology to use a combination of in vivio and in situ procedures for the evaluation of delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions.  
1.2 This practice is intended to provide an alternative to the use of guinea pigs for evaluation of the ability of a device material to stimulate delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions. This alternative is particularly applicable for materials used in devices that contact only intact skin. However, the guinea pig maximization test is still the recommended method when assessing the delayed hypersensitivity response to metals or when testing substances that do not penetrate the skin but are used in devices that contact deep tissues or breached surfaces. This practice may be used for testing metals, with the exception of nickel-containing metals, unless the unique physicochemical properties of the materials may interfere with the ability of LLNA to detect sensitizing substances.  
1.3 This practice consists of a protocol for assessing an increase in lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodes draining the site of test article administration on the ears of mice.  
1.4 The LLNA has been validated only for low-molecular-weight chemicals that can penetrate the skin. The absorbed chemical or metabolite must bind to macromolecules, such as proteins, to form immunogenic conjugates.  
1.5 This practice is one of several developed for the assessment of the biocompatibility of materials. Practice F748 may provide guidance for the selection of appropriate methods for testing materials for a specific application.  
1.6 Identification of a supplier of materials or reagents is for the convenience of the user and does not imply a single source. Appropriate materials and reagents may be obtained from many commercial supply houses.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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