ASTM A805-93(2002)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
Standard Specification for Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat wire in coils or cut lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section, rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. [12.7 mm] or less in width and under 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] in thickness.
1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steel compositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.
1.3 Carbon spring steel flat wire is produced to a carbon range in which the specified or required maximum is over 0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.
1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are produced:
1.3.1.1Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flat wire, produced to several desirable combinations of properties and
1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.
1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed for a specific application and may be specified only by size and descriptive name.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 805 – 93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat wire in coils
ment and Storage
or cut lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section,
2.3 Federal Standard:
rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. [12.7 mm] or less in width and
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
under 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] in thickness.
2.4 SAE Standard:
1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steel
Recommended Practice SAE J 419 Methods of Measuring
compositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25 % by
Decarburization
cast or heat analysis.
1.3 Carbon spring steel flat wire is produced to a carbon
3. Terminology
range in which the specified or required maximum is over
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are pro-
3.1.1 annealing—the process of heating to and holding at a
duced:
suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for
1.3.1.1 Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flat
such purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,
wire, produced to several desirable combinations of properties
producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired me-
and
chanical, physical, or other properties.
1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.
3.1.2 batch annealing—annealing that is generally per-
1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed for
formed in large cylindrical bell type or large rectangular box or
a specific application and may be specified only by size and
car-type furnaces. The product is protected from scaling and
descriptive name.
decarburization by the use of a controlled atmosphere that
2. Referenced Documents envelops the charge in an inner chamber sealed to prevent the
influx of air or products of combustion. The coils
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or bundles are heated to a temperature in the vicinity of the
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
lowercriticaltemperatureforthegradeofsteel,andheldatthat
of Steel Products
temperature for a definite length of time; after which the steel
A 510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The time of
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
holding at the annealing temperature varies with the grade of
A 751 Test Methods, Practices andTerminology for Chemi-
the steel and the desired degree of softness.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
3.1.3 continuous or strand annealing—annealing that con-
E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
sists of passing a number of individual strands of flat wire
Steel
continuously through either a muffle furnace or a bath of
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
molten lead or salt, thus heating the flat wire to the desired
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
temperature for a definite time. The hardness obtained by this
2.2 Military Standards:
type of annealing, as measured by Rockwell hardness number,
is normally somewhat higher than is secured by batch-type
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, annealing. Other characteristics peculiar to strand–annealed
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
steel require this type of annealing for some flat wire products.
A01.19 on Sheet Steel and Strip.
Current edition approved November 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Origi-
nally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 805 – 93 4
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
(1998).
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Warrendale, PA 15096.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 805 – 93 (2002)
3.1.4 salt annealing—annealing that is accomplished by 4.1.10 Condition (oiled or not oiled) (14.4),
immersing bundles or coils of flat wire in a molten salt bath at 4.1.11 ASTM designation and date of issue,
a desired temperature for a definite time. Following the 4.1.12 Copper-bearing steel, if required,
annealing, the coils are permitted to cool slowly, after which 4.1.13 Application (part identification or description),
they are immersed in hot water to remove any adhering salts. 4.1.14 Case or heat analysis (request, if desired), and
3.1.5 spheroidize annealing—an operation consisting of 4.1.15 Exceptions to the specification, if required.
prolonged heating and prolonged cooling cycles to produce a
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 18 000 lb
globular or spheroidal condition of the carbide for maximum
Low-Carbon Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Wire, Temper 4, Edge 4,
softness.
Finish 2, 0.125 by 0.450-in. vibrated coils, 2000 lb max, coil weight, 16
3.1.6 cold reduction—the process of reducing the thickness to 20 in. ID, 36 in. max OD, Face dimension 6 to 10 in., ASTM A 805
dated , for Stove Frames.
of the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction is
greater than that used in skin-rolling (see section 3.3).
5. Materials and Manufacture
3.1.7 finish—the degree of smoothness or lustre of the flat
5.1 Low-carbon steel flat wire is normally produced from
wire. The production of specific finishes requires special
rimmed, capped, or semi-killed steel. When required, killed
preparation and control of the roll surfaces employed.
steel may be specified, with silicon or aluminum as the
3.1.8 hardening and tempering—a heat treatment for steel
deoxidizer.
over 0.25 % carbon by cast or heat analysis involving continu-
5.2 Untempered-carbon spring steel flat wire is commonly
ous strand heating at finish size to an appropriate temperature
produced from killed steel, although semi-killed steel is some-
above the critical temperature range, followed by quenching in
times used.
oil and finally passing the strands through a tempering bath.
5.3 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel flat wire
Thisheattreatmentisusedintheproductionofsuchcommodi-
customarily has a carbon content over 0.60 %.
ties as oil–tempered spring wire for use in certain types of
5.4 Flat wire is generally produced from hot-rolled rods or
mechanical springs that are not subjected to a final heat
round wire, by one or more cold-rolling operations, primarily
treatment after forming. Oil-tempered wire is intended prima-
forthepurposeofobtainingthesizeandsectiondesiredandfor
rily for the manufacture of products that are required to
improving surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and varying
withstand high stresses. The mechanical properties and resil-
mechanical properties. Flat wire can also be produced from
iency of oil-tempered wire provide resistance to permanent set
slitting hot- or cold-rolled flat steel to the desired width. The
under repeated and continuous stress applications.
hot-rolledslitflatsteelissubsequentlycoldreduced.Thewidth
3.1.9 patenting—a thermal treatment usually confined to
to thickness ratio and the specified type of edge generally
steel over 0.25 % carbon. In this process individual strands of
determine the process that is necessary to produce a specific
rods or wire are heated well above the upper critical tempera-
flat-wire item.
ture followed by comparatively rapid cooling in air, molten
5.5 The production of good surface quality flat wire is
salt, or molten lead. This treatment is generally employed to
dependent upon scale-free and clean wire, rod, or hot-rolled
prepare the material for subsequent processing.
steel prior to cold-rolling. Scale removal can be accomplished
3.1.10 skin-rolled—a term denoting a relatively light cold-
by chemical or mechanical cleaning.
rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce the
5.6 Edgerolls,machinedwithcontourgrooves,maybeused
tendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-
in conjunction with flat-rolling passes to produce the desired
tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardness
edge shape.
or other mechanical properties.
5.7 Straightness in flat wire may be controlled by the use of
3.1.11 temper—a designation by number to indicate the
roll straighteners alone or in conjunction with cold-rolling
hardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. The
passes.
tempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemical
5.8 Edges of flat wire produced by slitting wider flat-rolled
composition, by amounts of cold reduction, and by thermal
steel can be dressed, depending upon requirements by:
treatment.
5.8.1 Deburring—Aprocessbywhichburrsareremovedby
4. Ordering Information
rolling or filing to obtain an approximate square edge;
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the 5.8.2 Rolling—A process by which the slit edge is dressed
following information, as necessary, to describe adequately the by edge rolling to the desired contour; and
desired product: 5.8.3 Filing—A process by which the slit edge is filed to a
4.1.1 Quantity, specific contour and dimension by passing one or more times
4.1.2 Name of material (flat wire identified by type), against a series of files mounted at various angles.
4.1.3 Analysis or grade, if required (Section 6),
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.4 Temper of low carbon or type of spring steel (Sections
9, 10, and 11), 6.1 Limits:
4.1.5 Edge (Section 7), 6.1.1 When carbon steel flat wire is specified to chemical
4.1.6 Finish or coating (Sections 14and 12), composition, the compositions are commonly prepared using
4.1.7 Dimensions, the ranges and limits shown in Table 1. The elements compris-
4.1.8 Coil type and size requirements (Section 17), ing the desired chemical composition are specified in one of
4.1.9 Packaging (17.1), three ways:
A 805 – 93 (2002)
TABLE 1 Cast or Heat Analysis TABLE 3 Thickness Tolerances
Standard Chemical Ranges and Limits, % Tolerances for Speci-
Specified Thickness in. [mm] fied Thickness, Plus
Element
When Maximum of Specified
Range and Minus, in. [mm]
Element is
0.005 [0.13] to 0.010 [0.25], excl 0.0005 [0.013]
A
Carbon
0.010 [0.25] to 0.029 [0.74], excl 0.001 [0.03]
to 0.15 incl 0.05
0.029 [0.74] to 0.0625 [1.59], excl 0.0015 [0.04]
over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.06
0.0625 [1.59] to 0.250 [6.35], excl 0.002 [0.05]
over 0.30 to 0.40 incl 0.07
over 0.40 to 0.60 incl 0.08
over 0.60 to 0.80 incl 0.11
over 0.80 to 1.35 incl 0.14
Manganese cases the chemical ranges and limits of Table 6, Table 7, Table
to 0.50 incl 0.20
8, and Table 9 of Specification A 510 shall apply.
over 0.50 to 1.15 incl 0.30
6.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:
over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.35
B
Phosphorus 6.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be made
to 0.08 incl 0.03
by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05
B specified or restricted by the applicable specification.
Sulfur
to 0.08 incl 0.03 6.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elements
over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05
listed or required shall be reported to the purchaser or his
over 0.15 to 0.23 incl 0.07
representative.
over 0.23 to 0.33 incl 0.10
C
Silicon 6.3 Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser on the
to 0.15 incl 0.08
finished material.
over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.15
6.3.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologically
over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.30
Copper
suited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character of
When copper is required 0.20 mini- .
their chemical composition and, therefore, the tolerances in
mum is commonly specified.
Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on these
A
Carbon—The carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range’’ apply
types of steel only when misapplication is apparent, or for
when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00 %. When
the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges copper when copper steel is specified.
shown above.
6.3.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when product
B
Phosphorus and Sulfur—The standard lowest maximum limits for phosphorus
analysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shall
andsulfurare0.030 %and0.035 %respectively.Certainqualities,descriptions,or
specifications are furnished to lower standard maximum limits. not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
C
Silicon—The standard lowest maximum for silicon is 0.10 %.
Table 2. The several determinations of any element shall not
vary both above and below the specified range.
6.3.3 When flat wire is produced from round rods or wire,
6.1.1.1 By a maximum limit,Tables 2-5
and when a grade number is used to specify the chemical
6.1.1.2 By a minimum limit, or
composition, the values obtained on a product analysis shall
6.1.1.3 By minimum and maximum limits, termed the
not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
“range.” By common usage, the range is the arithmetical
Table 10 of Specification A 510.
difference between the two limits (for example, 0.60 to 0.71 is
6.4 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods, Prac-
0.11 range).
tices and Terminology A 751 shall be used.
6.1.2 When carbon steel flat wire is produced from round
rods or wire it may be designated by grade number. In such
7. Edge
7.1 The desired edge shall be specified as follows:
7.1.1 Number 1 Edge is a prepared edge of a specified
A
TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product Analysis
contour (round or square) which is produced when a very
accurate width is required or when the finish of the edge
Tolerance, %
Limit, or Maxi-
suitable for electroplating is required, or both.
Under
Element mum of Speci-
Over Maxi-
7.1.2 Number 2 Edge isnotapplicabletoflatwireproducts.
Minimum
fied Element, %
mum Limit
Limit
7.1.3 Number 3 Edge is an approximately square edge
Carbon to 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03 produced by slitting.
over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04
7.1.4 Number 4 Edge is a rounded edge produced either by
over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05
edgerollingorresultingfromtheflatrollingofaroundsection.
over 0.80 0.
...
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