ASTM F2781-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Forced Entry, Ballistic and Low Impact Resistance of Security Fence Systems
Standard Practice for Testing Forced Entry, Ballistic and Low Impact Resistance of Security Fence Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The success or failure of any attempt to forcefully penetrate a fence system is dependent upon three primary factors that collectively define the threatthe tools and devices employed, the number of aggressors, and their level of sophistication.
Normally, a test procedure of this scope would be supported by years of laboratory testing intended to qualify and accurately reproduce the destructive effects of a variety of tools, implements, and devices. However, rapidly changing social conditions have created an immediate need for building components resistant to evolving forced entry techniques. Accordingly, the procedures presented herein are based more on field experience than laboratory analysis. They are more representative than inclusive, are intended to provide a basis for the comparative evaluation of different fence systems using forced penetration procedures, ballistic tests and impact testing, and are not primarily intended to be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries.
SCOPE
1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evaluated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using the limited hand tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It also establishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance of those systems (see Table 2). The tools specified to be used for testing at each threat level are those that are known to have a maximum destructive effect on structures and their sub-assemblies and are readily available to aggressors categorized as posing that level of threat.
1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat level category are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), and devices requiring more than one person to transport and operate.
1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the medium (M) threat level category are power tools requiring an outside power source or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools and devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.
1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threat level category are devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.
1.2 The ability of a fence system to offer protection from bullets fired from a rifle or handgun would be beneficial particularly in Border Fence areas where security personnel can be targets during patrol activities. Accordingly, a limited test using a .38 Special handgun and a 7.62-mm rifle is performed to determine if any level of protection is provided by the fence system.
1.3 The ability of a fence system to provide impact resistance from a 4000 pound mass vehicle moving at a velocity of 20 MPH at a modest cost will provide relative guidance as to the strength of a security fence system in resisting low impact situations.
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Designation: F2781 − 10
StandardPractice for
Testing Forced Entry, Ballistic and Low Impact Resistance
1
of Security Fence Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 20 MPH at a modest cost will provide relative guidance as to
the strength of a security fence system in resisting low impact
1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evalu-
situations.
ated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using the
limited hand tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It also
2. Referenced Documents
establishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
those systems (see Table 2). The tools specified to be used for
F1233 Test Method for Security Glazing Materials And
testing at each threat level are those that are known to have a
Systems
maximum destructive effect on structures and their sub-
assemblies and are readily available to aggressors categorized
2.2 U.S. Military Standards:
as posing that level of threat.
MIL-STD-662F Department of Defense Test Method Stan-
1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)—Specificallyexemptedfromthe
dard V50 Ballistic Test for Armor
inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat level
2.3 U.S. Dept. of Justice:
category are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), and
NIJ Standard 0108.01 National Institute of Justice Ballistic
devices requiring more than one person to transport and
Resistant Protective Materials
operate.
1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)—Specifically exempted
3. Terminology
fromtheinventoryofavailabletoolsforthemedium(M)threat
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
level category are power tools requiring an outside power
3.1.1 test director—the individual identified by the indepen-
source or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools and
dent testing laboratory as being responsible to complete the
devices requiring more than two persons to transport and
specified tests and to document the results.
operate.
3.1.2 forced entry—creating a four square feet opening.
1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)—Specifically exempted
from the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threat
4. Summary of Practice
level category are devices requiring more than two persons to
transport and operate.
4.1 For each rating a structured portion and a discretionary
portion as described in 4.2 and 4.3 is required.
1.2 The ability of a fence system to offer protection from
bullets fired from a rifle or handgun would be beneficial
4.2 The structured portion of the test provides for a zero to
particularly in Border Fence areas where security personnel
five minute test with specific tools selected as the most
can be targets during patrol activities. Accordingly, a limited debilitating from the tool list in Table 1, regardless of the fence
test using a .38 Special handgun and a 7.62-mm rifle is
system being tested.
performed to determine if any level of protection is provided
4.3 Following the structured portion of the test, the discre-
by the fence system.
tionary portion of the test provides up to 55 minutes of testing,
optimizing forced entry efforts by selecting any (or all) tools
1.3 The ability of a fence system to provide impact resis-
tance from a 4000 pound mass vehicle moving at a velocity of from the applicable category of the list (low (A), medium (B),
or aggressive (C)). Selection of tools is based on the perception
of the test director as to which tools will most effectively result
in a forced entry.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fences and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences and
4.4 Testing of security fence systems in accordance with the
Perimeter Barriers.
requirements of this test method shall result in a rating
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved
reflecting the severity of the threat and the cumulative penetra-
in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2781 - 09. DOI:10.1520/
F2781-10. tion resistance time (see Table 2).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2781 − 10
4.5 The times used to establish the protection ratings of factorsthatcollectivelydefinethethreat—thetoolsanddevices
Table2rangefrom0–60minutesandareintendedtoreflectthe employed, the number of aggressors, and their level of sophis-
elapsedtimeofforcedentryresistancenecessaryforaresponse
tication.
force to arrive and counter
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2781–09 Designation: F2781 – 10
Standard Practice for
Testing Forced Entry Resistance of Security Fence
SystemsTesting Forced Entry, Ballistic and Low Impact
1
Resistance of Security Fence Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evaluated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using the limited hand
tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It also establishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance of those systems (see Table
2). The tools specified to be used for testing at each threat level are those that are known to have a maximum destructive effect
on structures and their sub-assemblies and are readily available to aggressors categorized as posing that level of threat.
1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat level category
are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), and devices requiring more than one person to transport and operate.
1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the medium (M) threat level
category are power tools requiring an outside power source or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools and devices requiring
more than two persons to transport and operate.
1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threat level
category are devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.
1.2 The ability of a fence system to offer protection from bullets fired from a rifle or handgun would be beneficial particularly
in Border Fence areas where security personnel can be targets during patrol activities. Accordingly, a limited test using a .38
Special handgun and a 7.62-mm rifle is performed to determine if any level of protection is provided by the fence system.
1.3 The ability of a fence system to provide impact resistance from a 4000 pound mass vehicle moving at a velocity of 20 MPH
at a modest cost will provide relative guidance as to the strength of a security fence system in resisting low impact situations.
2. Terminology Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1233 Test Method for Security Glazing Materials And Systems
2.2 U.S. Military Standards:
MIL-STD-662F Department of Defense Test Method Standard V50 Ballistic Test for Armor
2.3 U.S. Dept. of Justice:
NIJ Standard 0108.01 National Institute of Justice Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1
3.1.1 test director—theindividualidentifiedbytheindependenttestinglaboratoryasbeingresponsibletocompletethespecified
tests and to document the results.
2.1.2
3.1.2 forced entry—creating a four square feet opening.
3.
4. Summary of Practice
3.1For4.1 For each rating a structured portion and a discretionary portion as described in 3.24.2 and 3.3 4.3 is required.
3.2
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF14onFencesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF14.50onHighSecurityFencesandPerimeter
Barriers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. DOI: 10.1520/F2781-09.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2781 - 09. DOI:10.1520/F2781-10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2781 – 10
4.2 The structured portion of the test provides for a zero to five minute test with specific tools selected as the most debilitating
from the tool list in Table 1, regardless of the fence system being tested.
3.3
4.3 Following the structured portion of the test, the discretionary portion of the test provides up to 55 minutes of testing,
optimizing forced entry efforts by selecting any (or all) tools from the applicable category of the list (low (A), medium (B), or
aggressive (C)). Selection of tools is based on the perception of the test director as to which tools will most effectively result in
a forced entry.
34.4 Testing of security fence systems in accordance with the requirements of this test m
...
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