ASTM D4914/D4914M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit
Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to determine the in-place density of compacted materials in construction of earth embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. For construction control, these test methods are often used as the bases for acceptance of material compacted to a specified density or to a percentage of a maximum unit weight determined by a standard laboratory test method (such as determined from Test Method D698 or D1557), subject to the limitations discussed in 1.4.
5.2 These test methods can be used to determine the in-place density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the in-place density of soil and rock using a pouring device and calibrated sand to determine the volume of a test pit. The word “rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. [75 mm].
1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a volume from 0.03 to 0.17 m3 [1 to 6 ft3]. In general, the materials tested would have a maximum particle size of 75 to 125 mm [3 to 5 in.].
1.2.1 For larger sized excavations and soil containing larger particles, Test Method D5030 is preferred.
1.2.2 Test Method D1556 or D2167 are usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 0.03 m3 [1 ft3]. While the equipment illustrated in these test methods is used for volumes less than 0.03 m3 [1 ft3], the test methods allow larger versions of the equipment to be used when necessary.
1.3 Two test methods are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Test Method A—In-Place Density of Total Material (Section 10).
1.3.2 Test Method B—In-Place Density of Control Fraction (Section 11).
1.4 Selection of Test Methods:
1.4.1 Test Method A is used when the in-place density of total material is to be determined. Test Method A can also be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (refer to Test Methods D698, D1557, D4253, D4254, and D7382). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the dry density determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of Practice D4718.
1.4.2 Test Method B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material from the in-place dry density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated sieve size (see Section 3). The dry density of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the dry density(s) established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
1.5 Any materials that can be excavated with hand tools can be tested provided that the void or pore openings in the mass are small enough (or a liner is used) to prevent the calibrated sand used in the test from entering the natural voids. The material being tested should have sufficient cohesion or partic...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4914/D4914M − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement
1
Method in a Test Pit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4914/D4914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4.2 Test Method B is used when percent compaction or
percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
material contains particles larger than the maximum particle
in-place density of soil and rock using a pouring device and
sizeallowedinthelaboratorycompactiontestorwhenPractice
calibrated sand to determine the volume of a test pit. The word
D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test.
“rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material
Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or
beingtestedwilltypicallycontainparticleslargerthan3in.[75
portions. The material from the in-place dry density test is
mm].
physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize
1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a
fraction based on a designated sieve size (see Section 3). The
3 3
volume from 0.03 to 0.17 m [1 to 6 ft ]. In general, the
dry density of the control fraction is calculated and compared
materials tested would have a maximum particle size of 75 to
with the dry density(s) established by the laboratory compac-
125 mm [3 to 5 in.].
tion test(s).
1.2.1 For larger sized excavations and soil containing larger
1.5 Any materials that can be excavated with hand tools can
particles, Test Method D5030 is preferred.
be tested provided that the void or pore openings in the mass
1.2.2 Test Method D1556 or D2167 are usually used to
3 3
are small enough (or a liner is used) to prevent the calibrated
determine the volume of test holes smaller than 0.03 m [1 ft ].
sand used in the test from entering the natural voids. The
While the equipment illustrated in these test methods is used
3 3
materialbeingtestedshouldhavesufficientcohesionorparticle
for volumes less than 0.03 m [1 ft ], the test methods allow
interlocking to maintain stable sides during excavation of the
larger versions of the equipment to be used when necessary.
test pit and through completion of this test. It should also be
1.3 Two test methods are provided as follows:
firmenoughnottodeformorsloughduetotheminorpressures
1.3.1 Test Method A—In-Place Density of Total Material
exerted in digging the hole and pouring the sand.
(Section 10).
1.6 These test methods are generally limited to material in
1.3.2 Test Method B—In-Place Density of Control Fraction
an unsaturated condition and are not recommended for mate-
(Section 11).
rials that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in a water
1.4 Selection of Test Methods:
condition such that water seeps into the hand-excavated hole.
1.4.1 Test Method A is used when the in-place density of
The accuracy of the test methods may be affected for materials
total material is to be determined. Test Method A can also be
that deform easily or that may undergo volume change in the
used to determine percent compaction or percent relative
excavated hole from standing or walking near the hole during
density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place
the test.
material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (refer to Test
Methods D698, D1557, D4253, D4254, and D7382). For Test presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Methods D698 and D1557 only, the dry density determined in
the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger therefore each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations
of Practice D4718. conformance with the standard.
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
1 guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and Practice D6026.
Construction Control Tests.
1.8.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected,
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Publishe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4914 − 08 D4914/D4914M − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Density and Unit Weight of Soil and Rock in Place by the
1
Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4914;D4914/D4914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the in-place density and unit weight of soil and rock using a pouring device
and calibrated sand to determine the volume of a test pit. The word “rock’’“rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the
material being tested will typically contain particles larger than 3 in. (75 mm). [75 mm].
3 3
1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a volume from 0.03 to 0.17 m (1[1 to 6 ft ).]. In general, the materials
tested would have a maximum particle size of 75 to 125 mm (3[3 to 5 in.).in.].
1.2.1 These test methods may be used for For larger sized excavations if desirable. However, for larger sized excavations, and
soil containing larger particles, Test Method D5030 is preferred.
3 3
1.2.2 Test Method D1556 or D2167 are usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 0.03 m (1[1 ft ).]. While
3 3
the equipment illustrated in these test methods is used for volumes less than 0.03 m (1[1 ft ),], the test methods allow larger
versions of the equipment to be used when necessary.
1.3 Two test methods are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Test Method A—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of Total Material (Section 910).
1.3.2 Test Method B—In-Place Density and Unit Weight of Control Fraction (Section 1011).
1.4 Selection of Test Methods:
1.4.1 Test Method A is used when the in-place unit weight density of total material is to be determined. Test Method A can also
be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place
material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (refer to Test Methods
D698, D1557, D4253, D4254and , and D4254D7382). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the unit weightdry density
determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the
limitations of Practice D4718.
1.4.2 Test Method B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material
contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test or when Practice D4718 is not
applicable for the laboratory compaction test. Then the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material
from the in-place unit weightdry density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a
designated sieve size. size (see Section 3). The unit weightdry density of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the
unit weight(s)dry density(s) established by the laboratory compaction test(s).
1.4.2.1 Because of possible lower densities created when there is particle interference (see Practice D4718), the percent
compaction of the control fraction should not be assumed to represent the percent compaction of the total material in the field.
1.4.3 Normally, the control fraction is the minus No. 4 sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree draining materials and the
minus 3-in. sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining materials. While other sizes are used for the control fraction
3 3
( ⁄8, ⁄4-in.), these test methods have been prepared using only the No. 4 and the 3-in. sieve sizes for clarity.
1.5 Any materials that can be excavated with hand tools can be tested provided that the void or pore openings in the mass are
small enough (or a liner is used) to prevent the calibrated sand used in the test from entering the natural voids. The material being
tested should have sufficient cohesion or particle interlocking to maintain stable sides during excavation of the test pit and through
completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to deform or slough due to the minor pressures exerted in digging the
hole and pouring the sand.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
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