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ASTM D244-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:
TestSections Composition:  Water Content4-10  Residue and Oil Distillate by DistillationSee Test Method
D 6997  Residue by EvaporationSee Test Method
D 6934  Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified AsphaltsSee Test Method
D 7402 Consistency:  Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)See Test Method
D 7496 Stability:  DemulsibilitySee Test Method
D 6936  SettlementSee Test Method
D 6930  Cement MixingSee Test Method
D 6935  Sieve TestSee Test Method
D 6933  Aggregate CoatingSee Practice
D 6998  Miscibility with WaterSee Test Method
D 6999  FreezingSee Practice
D 6929  Coating Ability and Water Resistance11-18  Storage Stability of Asphalt EmulsionSee Test Method
D 6930 Examination of Residue19-26 Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 27-34 Identification of Cationic Slow Set EmulsionsSee Test Method
D 7402 Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts35-40 Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test41-46 Density of Emulsified AsphaltSee Test Method
D 6937 Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum DistillationSee Test Method
D 7403
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
4.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the water content of an emulsified asphalt by reflux distillation using a water trap.  
11.1 This test method is intended to aid in the identification of asphalt emulsions suitable for mixing with coarse graded calcareous aggregates. It can be applied to other aggregates. (See Note 2).  
19.1 Tests for specific gravity, ash content, solubility in trichloroethylene, penetration, ductility and float test are suggested for examination of the emulsified asphalt residue obtained by distillation or evaporation (see Test Method D 6934 and Test Method D 6997).  
27.1 This practice covers a procedure for identifying rapid-setting cationic emulsified asphalts. Their inability to coat a specific silica sand distinguishes them from medium and slow setting cationic grades.  
35.1 This is a quick field test method to ascertain the compatibility of an emulsified asphalt with the job aggregate.  
41.1 This practice may be used to identify the adequacy of slow setting grade of emulsified asphalt to mix with and coat a dense and fine-graded job aggregate. It is a laboratory practice of screening emulsified asphalt candidates for mixing with and coating job aggregates and is not to be construed as a mix design test method.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D244-04 - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Referred By
ASTM D95-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2397/D2397M-20 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4057-22 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5/D5M-20 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D977-20 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7944-22 - Standard Practice for Recovery of Emulsified Asphalt Residue Using a Vacuum Oven
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D139-16 - Standard Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D244 −09 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T59
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Emulsified Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 41–46
Density of Emulsified Asphalt See Test Method
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the
D6937
headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Ex- Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation See Test Method
D7403
amination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emul-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover
only.
the following tests and practices:
Test Sections 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Composition:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Water Content 4–10
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation See Test Method
D6997
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Residue by Evaporation See Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6934
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts See Test Method
D7402 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Consistency:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) See Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7496
Stability: mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Demulsibility See Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D6936
Settlement See Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
D6930
Cement Mixing See Test Method 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6935
C778Specification for Standard Sand
Sieve Test See Test Method
D6933
D5Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Aggregate Coating See Practice
D70Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous
D6998
Materials (Pycnometer Method)
Miscibility with Water See Test Method
D6999
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Freezing See Practice
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D6929
D113Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 11–18
3
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion See Test Method
(Withdrawn 2016)
D6930
D128Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
Examination of Residue 19–26
D139Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsi- 27–34
fied Asphalt
D140Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions See Test Method
D977Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
D7402
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 35–40 D2042Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
Trichloroethylene
1 2
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D04.42 on Emulsified Asphalt Test. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D244–04. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D0244-09. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D244−09
D2397Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt D6999Practice for Miscibility of Emulsified Asphalts
D3289Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid D7402PracticeforIdentifyingCationicEmulsifiedAsphalts
Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method) D7403Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emul-
D6929Practice to Evaluate the Effect of Freezing on Emul- sified Asphalt by Low Temperature Vacuum Distillation
D7496Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by
sified Asphalts
D6930Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Saybolt Furol Viscometer
E1Speci
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:D244–04 Designation: D 244 – 09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T59
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Emulsified Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of
Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an
emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:
Test Sections
Composition:
Water Content 4-10
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation See Test Method
D 6997
Residue by Evaporation See Test Method
D 6934
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts11-16 See Test Method
D 7402
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts See Test Method
D 7402
Consistency:
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)17-21 See Test Method
D 7496
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) See Test Method
D 7496
Stability:
Demulsibility See Test Method
D 6936
Settlement See Test Method
D 6930
Cement Mixing See Test Method
D 6935
Sieve Test See Test Method
D 6933
Aggregate Coating See Practice
D 6998
Miscibility with Water See Test Method
D 6999
Freezing See Practice
D 6929
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 22-29
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 11-18
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion See Test Method
D 6930
Examination of Residue 30-37
Examination of Residue 19-26
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 38-45
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 27-34
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions46-51 See Test Method
D 7402
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions See Test Method
D 7402
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 52-57
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 35-40
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 58-63
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 41-46
1
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D04.42 on Emulsified Asphalt Tests.Test.
Current edition approved Dec.June 1, 2004.2009. Published December 2004.July 2009. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 20002004 as
D244–004.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D244–09
Density of Emulsified Asphalt See Test Method
D 6937
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation64-69 See Test Method
D 7403
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation See Test Method
D 7403
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C778ASTM Standards:
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D70 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure D88Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials D128Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials D977
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene D2397
D2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
D3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
D6929 Practice for Freezing of Emulsified Asphalts
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified Asphalts
...

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ABSTRACT
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Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:    
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Sections  
Composition:  
Water Content  
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Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts  
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Demulsibility  
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Settlement  
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Cement Mixing  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Density and Relative Density of Asphalt, Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials, and Soft-Tar Pitch by Use of a Digital Density Meter (U-Tube)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
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ASTM
ASTM D2170/D2170M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM D1461-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in asphalt mixtures.  
3.2 Applicable standards are those in which measurements or calibrations are made, samples are procured, or products are selected.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the asphalt in asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3289-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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