ASTM D86-23ae1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D86 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated Section 7 in February 2024.
1. Scope* 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates,
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxy-
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
genates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels,
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels,
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines,
in their location.
and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 %
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these
samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material. 2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated 2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
instruments.
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
are provided for information only.
required.
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
(Reid Method)
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Petroleum Products
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D86 – 23. DOI:
3
10.1520/D0086-23AE01. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.