ASTM D857-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Although there is little information available concerning the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, the American Water Works Association has established a water quality guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable.
5.2 Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion exchange capacity or consume boiler water treatment chemicals added to stoichiometrically chelate hardness ions (that is, calcium and magnesium) in boiler feed water.
5.3 Aluminum is monitored in cooling water make-up, since its presence may result in deactivation of anionic substances in scale or corrosion inhibitor treatment chemicals, or both. Deactivation may result in decreased performance of inhibitors.
5.4 ICP-MS may also be appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Method D5673.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test Methods D3559), manganese (Test Methods D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691).
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.5, 8.4, and Note 2.
1.8 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D857 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Aluminum in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorp-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tion determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
flame.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dissolvedandtotalrecoverablealuminumintherangefrom0.5
to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approxi- 2. Referenced Documents
mately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
potable waters. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
(Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
(Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Methods D3559), manganese (Test Methods D858), and zinc
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
(Test Methods D1691).
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent,
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively
conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for informa- Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
tion only and are not considered standard. D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
statements, see 7.5, 8.4, and Note 2.
Terminology D1129.
1.8 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C
(Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
X1 for historical information.
3.2.1 continuing calibration blank, n—a solution contain-
ing no analytes (of interest) which is used to verify blank
response and freedom from carryover.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
2
Constituents in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D857 – 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0857-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D857 − 12 D857 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Aluminum in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0
mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution.
However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of
this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test
Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test
MethodMethods D3559), manganese (Test MethodMethods D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691).
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to
ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedgiven
in each system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
of the other.parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 17.5, Note 28.4, and Note 42.
1.8 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for
historical information.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012June 1, 2017. Published September 2012June 2017. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
ε1
D857 – 07D857 – 12. . DOI: 10.1520/D0857-12.10.1520/D0857-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D857 − 17
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
D5810 Gu
...
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