ASTM C325-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Wet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
Standard Guide for Wet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays. This guide is intended for use in testing shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests. The apparatus to be used include stirring device and sieves. The following procedure shall be followed in the analysis of the ceramic whiteware clays: transferring of duplicate portions of the dried clay sample; agitating of the slurry by means of a mechanical stirrer to ensure complete separation of clay from nonplastic impurities; transferring of the slaked and stirred sample, without loss, to the finest sieve to be employed in the test; washing of the residue remaining on the finest sieve into the pan; nesting the top sieve on the pan, which shall contain a certain amount of clear water; refilling of the pan with the proper amount of water, then nesting the top sieve and its residue on the pan; carefully blotting each sieve on its underside with a soft, damp sponge, and placing the sieve either in a drying oven or under infrared lamps until thoroughly dry; nesting the dried residues and sieves in the proper order, with due care to prevent dusting of the residues; and separating the nested sieves and carefully brushing the residue from each onto a weighing paper.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays. This guide is intended for use in testing shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C325 − 07
StandardGuide for
1
Wet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
series, may also be used. If results are to be compared with those obtained
1. Scope
with sieves from theASTM series, it is important that the openings of the
1.1 This guide covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic
sieves used fall within the tolerances specified in Specification E11 for the
whiteware clays. This guide is intended for use in testing corresponding ASTM sieves.
shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests.
4. Sampling
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 The sample shall be obtained in accordance with Prac-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tice C322.
and are not considered standard.
4.2 The sample as received shall be placed in a drying oven
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
at 100 to 110°C for a period of not less than 5 h prior to testing.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Procedure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Transfer duplicate portions, of approximately 250 g of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the dried clay sample, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g, to
2. Referenced Documents containers of at least 2-L capacity. Wet the clay with 1 L of
water and allow to slake for 2 h. If a free-flowing slurry is not
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
produced by this treatment, add another 500 mL of water.
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test 5.2 To ensure complete separation of clay from nonplastic
Sieves
impurities, agitate the slurry by means of a mechanical stirrer
(3.1). Continue the stirring between 5 and 10 min.
3. Apparatus
5.3 Transfer the slaked and stirred sample, without loss, to
3.1 Stirring Device—A mechanical stirrer with a three-
the finest sieve to be employed in the test, and wash by means
bladed propeller 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter and having a speed
1
of a small jet of water from a ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm) soft rubber hose
of approximately 1700 r/min, or the equivalent, shall be
attached to a water supply having a pressure not in excess of
provided.
that of an ordinary city main. The force of the jet may be
3.2 Sieves—The sieves shall conform to Specification E11
controlled by compressing the end of the hose between the
andshallincludetheNo.100(150-µm),No.140(106-µm),No. thumb and forefinger. Take care to avoid loss of sample from
200 (75-µm) and No. 325 (45-µm) sieves (Note 1). The wire
splashing. Continue washing until water passing through the
cloth for these sieves shall be woven (not twilled) and shall be sieve shows only traces of sample. Should lumpy material
mounted in circular metal frames 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter,
remain on the screen, return the residue to the stirrer container
which shall be so constructed as to permit nesting of two or by careful washing with a gentle jet of water, and agitate in
more sieves. A pan and cover for the sieves shall be provided.
approximately 1 Lof water for 10 min, then wash the slurry as
previously described.
NOTE 1—Equivalent sieves from other standard series, such as theTyler
5.4 Wash the residue remaining on the finest sieve into the
pan.Thoroughly wet the remaining sieves to be used in the test
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
with clear water, and nest them in the proper sequence on the
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
finest sieve. Wash the residue in the pan quantitatively onto the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
top sieve, and give the stack a preliminary washing.
approvedin1953.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC325 – 81(2007).DOI:
10.1520/C0325-07.
5.5 Nest the top sieve on the pan, which shall contain about
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) of clear water. Wash the residue by holding
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the pan and sieve firmly in the hands, and by a sidewise
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. movement, causing water to splash up through the sieve and
Copyright © ASTM Intern
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C325–81 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for Designation:C325–07
Standard Guide for
1
Wet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays. This test method is intended for use in testing
shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests.
1.2
1.1 This guide covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays. This guide is intended for use in testing shipments of
clay as well as for plant control tests.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Apparatus
3.1 Stirring Device—A mechanical stirrer with a three-bladed propeller 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter and having a speed of
approximately 1700 r/min, or the equivalent, shall be provided.
3.2 Sieves—The sieves shall conform to Specification E 11 and shall include the No. 100 (150-µm), No. 140 (106-µm), No. 200
(75-µm) and No. 325 (45-µm) sieves (Note 1). The wire cloth for these sieves shall be woven (not twilled) and shall be mounted
in circular metal frames 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter, which shall be so constructed as to permit nesting of two or more sieves. A
pan and cover for the sieves shall be provided.
NOTE 1—Equivalent sieves from other standard series, such as the Tyler series, may also be used. If results are to be compared with those obtained
with sieves from the ASTM series, it is important that the openings of the sieves used fall within the tolerances specified in Specification E 11 for the
corresponding ASTM sieves.
4. Sampling
4.1 The sample shall be obtained in accordance with Practice C 322.
4.2 The sample as received shall be placed in a drying oven at 100 to 110°C for a period of not less than 5 h prior to testing.
5. Procedure
5.1 Transfer duplicate portions, of approximately 250 g of the dried clay sample, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g, to containers of
at least 2-L capacity. Wet the clay with 1 L of water and allow to slake for 2 h. If a free-flowing slurry is not produced by this
treatment, add another 500 mL of water.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved JuneNov. 1, 2007. Published JuneNovember 2007. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 19972007 as
e1
C325–81(1997) .C 325 – 81(2007).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C325–07
5.2 To ensure complete separation of clay from nonplastic impurities, agitate the slurry by means of a mechanical stirrer (3.1).
Continue the stirring between 5 and 10 min.
5.3 Transfer the slaked and stirred sample, without loss, to the finest sieve to be employed in the test, and wash by means of
1
a small jet of water from a ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm) soft rubber hose attached to a water supply having a pressure not in excess of that of
an ordinary city main.The force of the jet may be controlled by compressing the end of the hose between the thumb and forefinger.
Take care to avoid loss of sample from splashing. Continue washing until water passing through the sieve shows only traces of
sample. Should lumpy material remain on the screen, return the
...
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