ASTM B294-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides
Standard Test Method for Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Rockwell hardness testing is one of the more important methods used to evaluate cemented carbides. For compositional groups of cemented carbides, hardness is an indication of wear resistance and toughness. Lower hardness grades usually indicate less wear resistance but greater toughness. For a specific grade of cemented carbide, hardness is an indication of the metallurgical quality of the material. In no case is Rockwell hardness testing the only test method to be considered in evaluating cemented carbides.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the hardness testing of cemented carbides by use of a Rockwell hardness tester performing tests in the Rockwell HRA scale (regular scale, diamond indenter, 10 kgf (98.07 N) preliminary test force, and 60 kgf (588.4 N) load) in the range of Rockwell 80 HRA and above. Also covered are the procedures for the testing and selection of diamond indenters, the management and traceability of the four levels of standardized test blocks, and the making and calibration of Primary, Secondary, and Working standardized test blocks.
1.2 The Rockwell hardness tester is a convenient and reliable means of measuring the hardness of cemented carbides. A hardness value is obtained easily, but it is subject to considerable error unless certain precautions are observed.
1.3 The latest version of Test Methods E18 shall be followed except where otherwise indicated in this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard except that force and length values associated with the Rockwell hardness testers will comply with E18 with force values specified as N (kgf) and indenter length values specified as mm.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B294 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This test method covers the hardness testing of ce-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
mentedcarbidesbyuseofaRockwellhardnesstesterperform-
ISO/IEC 17011Conformity Assessment—General Require-
ing tests in the Rockwell HRA scale (regular scale, diamond
ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity
indenter, 10 kgf (98.07 N) preliminary test force, and 60 kgf
Assessment Bodies
(588.4 N) load) in the range of Rockwell 80 HRA and above.
ISO/IEC 17025General Requirements for the Competence
Alsocoveredaretheproceduresforthetestingandselectionof
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
diamondindenters,themanagementandtraceabilityofthefour
levels of standardized test blocks, and the making and calibra-
3. Significance and Use
tion of Primary, Secondary, and Working standardized test
3.1 Rockwell hardness testing is one of the more important
blocks.
methods used to evaluate cemented carbides. For composi-
1.2 The Rockwell hardness tester is a convenient and
tionalgroupsofcementedcarbides,hardnessisanindicationof
reliable means of measuring the hardness of cemented car-
wear resistance and toughness. Lower hardness grades usually
bides. A hardness value is obtained easily, but it is subject to
indicate less wear resistance but greater toughness. For a
considerable error unless certain precautions are observed.
specificgradeofcementedcarbide,hardnessisanindicationof
1.3 The latest version of Test Methods E18 shall be fol-
themetallurgicalqualityofthematerial.InnocaseisRockwell
lowed except where otherwise indicated in this test method.
hardness testing the only test method to be considered in
evaluating cemented carbides.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standardexceptthatforceandlengthvaluesassociatedwiththe
4. Apparatus
Rockwell hardness testers will comply with E18 with force
valuesspecifiedasN(kgf)andindenterlengthvaluesspecified 4.1 Tester—All hardness tests shall be performed using a
as mm. Rockwell hardness tester that meets the requirements defined
in the latest version of Test Method E18 except where
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
otherwise indicated in this test method. Testers shall comply
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with the requirements of Annex A3 of this test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Scale—All tests shall be performed using the carbide
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Rockwell HRA scale (a carbide diamond indenter, 10 kgf
(98.07 N) preliminary force, and 60 kgf (588.4 N) total test
2. Referenced Documents
force.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 Effect of Vibration—The Rockwell hardness tester
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
should be located in a vibration-free area in order to avoid
terials
erroneous results. If this is not possible, the tester shall be
mounted so as to minimize vibrations, since vibrations tend to
cause erratic readings.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
4.4 Indenter—The indenters used shall conform to the
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
requirements defined in Annex A2 of this test method.
mittee B09.06 on Cemented Carbides.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
4.5 Anvils—Select an anvil suitable for the specimen to be
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B294–09 (2009).
tested. The test piece should be supported rigidly, with the test
DOI: 10.1520/B0294-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B294 − 10
surface perpendicular to the line of travel of the indenter. For 6. Procedure
the best accuracy, flat test pieces should be t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B294–92(Reapproved 2006) Designation:B294–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 8 editorially in June 2009.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the hardness testing of cemented carbides by use of the Rockwell hardness tester with the Rockwell
A scale (diamond indenter and 588.4 N (60 kgf) load) in the range of Rockwell A80 and above. Also covered are the procedures
for the testing and selection of diamond indenters, the management and traceability of the four levels of standard test blocks, the
acquisition of secondary standard test blocks, and the making and calibration of working standard test blocks.
1.1 This test method covers the hardness testing of cemented carbides by use of a Rockwell hardness tester performing tests
in the Rockwell HRAscale (regular scale, diamond indenter, 10 kgf (98.07 N) preliminary test force, and 60 kgf (588.4 N) load)
in the range of Rockwell 80 HRAand above.Also covered are the procedures for the testing and selection of diamond indenters,
the management and traceability of the four levels of standardized test blocks, and the making and calibration of Primary,
Secondary, and Working standardized test blocks.
1.2 The Rockwell hardness tester is a convenient and reliable means of measuring the hardness of cemented carbides. A
hardness value is obtained easily, but it is subject to considerable error unless certain precautions are observed.
1.3Test Methods
1.3 The latest version of Test Methods E18 shall be followed except where otherwise indicated in this test method.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard except that force and length values associated with the Rockwell
hardness testers will comply with E18 with force values specified as N (kgf) and indenter length values specified as mm.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
2.2 ISO Standard:ISO Standards: ISO 3738-2Hardmetals—Rockwell hardness test (Scale A)—Part 2, Preparation and
calibration of standard test blocks
ISO/IEC 17011 ConformityAssessment—General Requirements forAccreditation BodiesAccrediting ConformityAssessment
Bodies
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Rockwell hardness testing is one of the more important propertiesmethods used to evaluate cemented carbides. For
compositional groups of cemented carbides, hardness is an indication of wear resistance and toughness. Lower hardness grades
usually indicate less wear resistance but greater toughness. For a specific grade of cemented carbide, hardness is an indication of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.06 on Cemented Carbides.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B294–92 (2001). DOI:
10.1520/B0294-92R06E01.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B294 – 09 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/B0294-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
...
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