ASTM D4445-03

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This (laboratory) method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.
Note 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:SectionSummary of Method3Apparatus5Reagents6Wood7Test Fungi8Culture Media9Preparation of Inoculum10Preparation of Test Chambers11Treatment of Samples12Inoculation and Incubation13Evaluation of the Test14Report15
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2003
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.06 - Treatments for Wood Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4445-91(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4445-09 - Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E3152-23 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices Available for Determining Antifungal Activity on Natural or Synthetic Substrates Treated with Antimicrobial Agents
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4445–03
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope The toxicity of fungicides may be tested against individual
fungi,inwhichcasesterilizationofthesamplesisnecessary,or
1.1 This (laboratory) method is used for determining the
againstseveralfungibyusingamixedsporesuspensionforthe
minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungi-
inoculation of the specimens; in the latter case, sterilization is
cides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sap-
unnecessary.
stain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under
3.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafter
optimum laboratory conditions.
incubation and the results used to determine the chemical
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution
treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are
discussed in the following order:
4.1 This method is useful as a screening procedure for
Section selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
Summary of Method 3
evaluation.
Apparatus 5
Reagents 6
5. Apparatus
Wood 7
Test Fungi 8
5.1 IncubationRoom(orIncubationCabinet),maintainedat
Culture Media 9
a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70
Preparation of Inoculum 10
Preparation of Test Chambers 11 and 80%.
Treatment of Samples 12
5.2 Steam Sterilizer.
Inoculation and Incubation 13
5.3 Containers:
Evaluation of the Test 14
Report 15 5.3.1 Petri Dishes,withminimumsizeof100(diameter)by
20 mm (height) with lid or,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.3.2 Aluminum Pans, with minimum size of 240 by 100 by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Reagents
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 PurityofWater—Referencetowatershallbeunderstood
to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of
2. Referenced Documents
Specification D1193.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
7. Wood
7.1 General Properties—The wood species to be tested
3. Summary of Method
should be locally available commercial species selected on the
3.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by
basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi (pine or spruce
spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of
species are preferred). Sapwood of the selected wood species,
a fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration
unseasoned(moisturecontenthigherthan40%),freeofknots,
levels.Thespecimensareexposedtosapstainfungiandmolds.
visible decay, sapstain and mold, shall be used (Note 2). If the
fungicide is to be used to protect hardwood, the inclusion of
1
This method is under the jursidiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood and
sapwood from a hardwood species is recommended.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
Products. NOTE 2—If wood for the test is collected in a sawmill where logs are
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
stored in water, it is necessary to collect lumber from at least three
´1
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1991 as D4445–91(1996) .
different logs since depletion of nutrients during water storage may
DOI: 10.1520/D4445-03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4445–03
strongly affect the growth of molds and staining fungi. Ensure that the
is being tested using a mixed spore supension, aseptic condi-
lumber collected in a sawmill has not been treated with a sapstain and
tions are unnecessary. Most laboratory experiments require a
moldpreventive,andifthereisanydoubt,atleast10mmofsurfacewood
relatively small volume (about 100 mL) of inoculum that may
must be removed and discarded.
be prepared using only the stock test tube cultures; prepare
7.2 SizeofSpecimens—Specimensshouldbe7by20mmin
larger volumes of inoculum from cultures grown on petri
cross section and 70 mm long.
dishes.
7.3 Preparation of Specimens—Within two days of collect
...