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ASTM C849-88(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares

Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize ceramic whitewares. Attempts have been made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to tensile strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of ceramic whitewares and the verification of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2011
ICS
81.060.20 - Ceramic products
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C849-88(2006) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1326-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011

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ASTM C849-88(2011) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic WhitewaresASTM C849-88(2011) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares
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ASTM C849-88(2011) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C849 − 88(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
1
Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—Ageneral description of the Knoop indentation hardness test
1. Scope
is given in Test Method E384. The present method differs from this
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop
description only in areas required by the special nature of ceramic
indentation hardness of ceramic whitewares and the verifica- whitewares.
tion of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using
5. Significance and Use
standard glasses.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many prop-
ertiesthatisusedtocharacterizeceramicwhitewares.Attempts
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- havebeenmadetorelateKnoopindentationhardnesstotensile
strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions
arelimitedinscopeandshouldbeusedwithcaution,exceptfor
2. Referenced Documents
specialcaseswhereareliablebasisfortheconversionhasbeen
2
obtained by comparison tests.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
6. Apparatus
E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
Materials 6.1 Testing Machines:
6.1.1 There are two general types of machines available for
3. Terminology
making this test. One type is a self-contained unit built for this
purpose,andtheothertypeisanaccessoryavailabletoexisting
3.1 Definitions:
microscopes. Usually, this second type is fitted on an inverted-
3.1.1 Knoop hardness number ( KHN)—a number obtained
stage microscope. Good descriptions of the various machines
by dividing the applied load in kilograms-force by the pro-
3,4
are available.
jected area of the indentation in square millimetres, computed
6.1.2 Designofthemachineshouldbesuchthattheloading
from the measured long diagonal of the indentation and the
rate, dwell time, and applied load can be standardized within
included edge angles of the diamond. It is assumed that the
the limits set forth in 3.1.1. It is an advantage to eliminate the
indentation is an imprint of the undeformed indenter.
human element whenever possible by appropriate machine
design. The machine should be designed so that vibrations
4. Summary of Test Method
induced at the beginning of a test will be damped out by the
4.1 This test method describes an indentation hardness test
time the indenter touches the sample.
using a calibrated machine to force a pointed, rhombic-base,
6.1.3 Thecalibrationofthebalancebeamshouldbechecked
pyramidal diamond indenter having specified face angles,
monthlyorasneeded.Indentationsinstandardglassesarealso
under a predetermined load, into the surface of the material
used to check calibration when needed.
under test and to measure the long diagonal of the resulting
6.2 Indenter:
impression after removal of the load.
6.2.1 The indenter shall meet the specifications for Knoop
3
indenters. See Test Method E384.
1
6.2.2 Fig. 1 shows the indenter and its maximum usable
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
dimensions. The diagonals have an approximate ratio of 7:1,
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C849–88 (2006).
3
DOI: 10.1520/C0849-88R11. SpecificationsforKnoopindenterscanbefoundinSmall,L., Hardness Theory
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or and Practice (Part I: Practice) pp. 241–243, Service DiamondTool Co.,AnnArbor,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM MI, 1960.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Mott, B. W., Micro-Indentation Hardness Testing, Butterworth’s Scientific
the ASTM website. Publications, London, 1956.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C849 − 88 (2011)
FIG. 1 Knoop Indenter Showing Maximum Usable Dimension
1
and the depth of the indentation is about ⁄30
...

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