ASTM D4123-82(1995)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures (Withdrawn 2003)
Standard Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures (Withdrawn 2003)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-fabricated or field-recovered cores of bituminous mixtures to determine resilient modulus values using the repeated-load indirect tension test. The procedure described covers a range of temperatures, loads, loading frequencies, and load durations. The recommended test series consists of testing at 41, 77 (Note 1), and 104°F (5, 25 (Note 1), and 40°C) at one or more loading frequencies, for example, at 0.33, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz for each temperature. This recommended series will result in nine test values for one specimen which can be used to evaluate the overall resilient behavior of the mixture. Note 1-Ambient laboratory temperature may be substituted as appropriate.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-fabricated or field-recovered cores of bituminous mixtures to determine resilient modulus values using the repeated-load indirect tension test. The procedure described covers a range of temperatures, loads, loading frequencies, and load durations. The recommended test series consists of testing at 41, 77 (Note 1), and 104F (5, 25 (Note 1), and 40C) at one or more loading frequencies, for example, at 0.33, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz for each temperature. This recommended series will result in nine test values for one specimen which can be used to evaluate the overall resilient behavior of the mixture.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials, this test method was withdrawn in December 2003 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4123 – 82 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for
Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope applying compressive loads with a haversine or other suitable
waveform. The load is applied vertically in the vertical
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and
diametral plane of a cylindrical specimen of asphalt concrete
testing laboratory-fabricated or field-recovered cores of bitu-
(Fig. 1). The resulting horizontal deformation of the specimen
minous mixtures to determine resilient modulus values using
is measured and, with an assumed Poisson’s ratio, is used to
therepeated-loadindirecttensiontest.Theproceduredescribed
calculate a resilient modulus. A resilient Poisson’s ratio can
covers a range of temperatures, loads, loading frequencies, and
also be calculated using the measured recoverable vertical and
load durations.The recommended test series consists of testing
horizontal deformations.
at 41, 77 (Note 1), and 104°F (5, 25 (Note 1), and 40°C) at one
3.2 Interpretation of the deformation data (Fig. 2) has
or more loading frequencies, for example, at 0.33, 0.5, and 1.0
resulted in two resilient modulus values being used. The
Hz for each temperature. This recommended series will result
instantaneous resilient modulus is calculated using the recov-
in nine test values for one specimen which can be used to
erable deformation that occurs instantaneously during the
evaluate the overall resilient behavior of the mixture.
unloading portion of one cycle. The total resilient modulus is
NOTE 1—Ambient laboratory temperature may be substituted as appro-
calculated using the total recoverable deformation which
priate.
includes both the instantaneous recoverable and the time-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dependent continuing recoverable deformation during the un-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
loading and rest-period portion of one cycle.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The values of resilient modulus can be used to evaluate
the relative quality of materials as well as to generate input for
2. Referenced Documents
pavement design or pavement evaluation and analysis.The test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
can be used to study effects of temperature, loading rate, rest
D 1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of
periods, etc. Since the procedure is nondestructive, tests can be
Bituminous Mixture Using Marshall Apparatus
repeated on a specimen to evaluate conditioning as with
D 1561 PracticeforPreparationofBituminousMixtureTest
temperature or moisture. This test method is not intended for
Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor
use in specifications.
D 3387 Test Method for Compaction and Shear Properties
5. Apparatus
of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of the U.S. Corps of
Engineers Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM)
5.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine should have the
D 3496 Method for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture
capability of applying a load pulse over a range of frequencies,
Specimens for Dynamic Modulus Testing
load durations, and load levels.
D 3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
NOTE 2—Anelectrohydraulictestingmachinewithafunctiongenerator
Paving Mixtures
capable of producing the desired wave form has been shown to be suitable
for use in repeated-load indirect tension testing. Other commercially
3. Summary of Test Method
available or laboratory constructed testing machines such as those using
3.1 The repeated-load indirect tension test for determining pneumatic repeated loading can also be used. However, these latter
machines may not have the load capability to handle larger specimens at
resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures is conducted by
the colder testing temperatures.
5.2 Temperature-Control System—The temperature-control
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
system should be capable of control over a temperature range
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.26 on
from 41 to 104°F (5 to 40°C) and within 62°F (61.1°C) of the
Fundamental/Mechanistic Tests.
Current edition approved April 30, 1982. Published June 1982.
specified temperature within the range. The system should
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4123 – 82 (1995)
capable of measuring horizontal deformations in the range of
0.00001 in. (0.00025 mm) of deformation. Loads should be
measured and recorded or accurately calibrated prior to testing.
5.3.1 Recorder—The measuring or recording devices
should be independent of frequency for tests conducted up to
1.0 Hz.
5.3.2 Deformation Measurement—The values of vertical
and horizontal deformation can be measured by linear variable
differential transducers (LVDTs) or other suitable devices.
LVDTs should be at midheight opposite each other on the
specimen’s horizontal diameter. The sensitivity and type of
measurement device should be selected to provide the defor-
mation readout required in 5.3. A positive contact by spring
loading or gluing attachments to the specimen should be
provided if direct contact between the measuring device and
sample is required.
P = applied load
NOTE 3—The Trans-TEX Model 350-000 LVDT and Statham UC-
t = thickness of specimen
D = diameter of specimen 3 transducers have been found satisfactory for this purpose. If the
a = width of loading strip
transducers are temperature-sensitive, such as Statham UC-3, the testing
= 0.5 in. (13 mm) for 4-in. (102-mm) diameter specimen
machine should be placed in a controlled temperature chamber.The gages
= 0.75 in. (19 mm) for 6-in. (152-mm) diameter specimen
should be wired to preclude the effects of eccentric loading so as to give
FIG. 1 Indirect Tension Test
the algebraic sum of the movement of each side of the specimen.
Alternatively, each gage can be read independently and the results
summed independently.
5.3.3 Load Measurement—Loads should be measured with
an electronic load cell capable of satisfying the specified
requirements for load measurements in 5.3.
5.4 Loading Strip—A metal loading strip with a concave
surfacehavingaradiusofcurvatureequaltothenominalradius
of the test specimen is required to apply load to the specimen.
Specimens will normally be either a nominal 4 or 6 in. (102 or
152 mm) in diameter.The load strip shall be 0.5 or 0.75 in. (13
(a) Load-Time Pulse
a = duration of loading during one load cycle
or19mm)wideforthesediameters,respectively.Edgesshould
b = recovery time
be rounded by grinding to remove the sharp edge in order not
c = cycle time
to cut the sample during testing. For specimens with rough
textures, a thin hard rubber membrane attached to the loading
strip has been found effective in reducing stress concentration
effects, but should be used only when vertical deformations are
not measured.
6. Specimens
(b) Vertical Deformation Verses Time
6.1 Laboratory-Molded Specimens—Prepare the
laboratory-molded specimens in accordance with acceptable
procedures such as Methods D 1561, D 1559, D 3496, and
D 3387. The specimens should have a height of at least 2
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