ASTM D6500-00(2012)e1

Standard Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers Using an Optical Fiber Diameter Analyser (Withdrawn 2021)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method specifies sampling and testing procedures for the measurement of average fiber diameter and variation in diameter of animal fibers.
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool and other animal fibers in raw and sliver form because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by two or more laboratories when using this test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratories should be determined with each comparison being based on the testing of specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Test Method D2130 shall be used as a referee test method.
This test method may be used for determining compliance with average fiber diameter and diameter variation to assign grades when determining conformance of shipments to material specifications given in Specifications D2252, D3991, and D3992, and Test Method D2816.
The procedures for determining mean fiber diameter and standard deviation of fiber diameter provided in this test method and in IWTO Method 47-98 are in essential agreement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure that uses an Optical Fiber Diameter Analyser (OFDA) for the determination of the average fiber diameter and the fiber diameter variation in wool and other animal fibers in their various forms.
Note 1—This test method may also be applied to other fibers having a round cross section such as some polyamides, polyesters, and glass; it may also be applied to a limited number of polyacrylics and regenerated cellulose-type fibers.
Note 2—In subsequent sections of this test method, the term “wool” also signifies other animal fibers where applicable.
Note 3—For fineness specifications of wool, wool top, mohair, mohair top, alpaca, and cashmere, refer to Specifications D3991, D3992, D2252, and Test Method D2816, respectively.
1.2 The OFDA reports average fiber diameter and standard deviation of fiber diameter in micrometer units (μm). The coefficient of variation of fiber diameter is reported as a percentage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a procedure that uses an Optical Fiber Diameter Analyser (OFDA) for the determination of the average fiber diameter and the fiber diameter variation in wool and other animal fibers in their various forms.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in January 2021 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 20-Jan-2021
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.13 - Wool and Felt

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D6500 − 00 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers Using an Optical
Fiber Diameter Analyser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The terminology section was updated in July 2012.
INTRODUCTION
Instruments based on image analysis have been designed to reduce the level of operator skill
required and to speed up the measurement process while concurrently maintaining acceptable levels
of precision and accuracy.An additional advantage of image analysis instruments is the ability of the
operator to see the measurement points and to audit the process, if required, though this is not carried
out during routine measurement. As with projection microscope measurements, and the Sirolan-
Laserscan,theOpticalFiberDiameterAnalyser(OFDA)systemcoveredbythistestmethodprovides
a count of readings grouped into diameter classes. Because the fiber snippets are measured
automatically by an optical and image processing system, controls are provided in the image
processing software to minimize the inclusion of multiple measurements on the same fiber and false
diameter readings that arise from non-fiber material.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversaprocedurethatusesanOptical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fiber DiameterAnalyser (OFDA) for the determination of the D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
average fiber diameter and the fiber diameter variation in wool D584Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—
and other animal fibers in their various forms. Laboratory Scale
D1060PracticeforCoreSamplingofRawWoolinPackages
NOTE 1—This test method may also be applied to other fibers having a
for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
roundcrosssectionsuchassomepolyamides,polyesters,andglass;itmay
Present
also be applied to a limited number of polyacrylics and regenerated
cellulose-type fibers.
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
NOTE 2—In subsequent sections of this test method, the term “wool”
D2130TestMethodforDiameterofWoolandOtherAnimal
also signifies other animal fibers where applicable.
Fibers by Microprojection
NOTE 3—For fineness specifications of wool, wool top, mohair, mohair
D2252Specification for Fineness of Types of Alpaca
top, alpaca, and cashmere, refer to Specifications D3991, D3992, D2252,
D2816Test Method for Cashmere Coarse-Hair Content in
and Test Method D2816, respectively.
Cashmere
1.2 The OFDA reports average fiber diameter and standard
D3991Specifications for Fineness of Wool or Mohair and
deviation of fiber diameter in micrometer units (µm). The
Assignment of Grade
coefficient of variation of fiber diameter is reported as a
D3992Specifications for Fineness of Wool Top or Mohair
percentage.
Top and Assignment of Grade
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4845Terminology Relating to Wool
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 Federal Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Official Standards of the United States for Grades of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Wool,Section 31.0
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6500–00. DOI: the ASTM website.
10.1520/D6500-00R12E01. Federal Register, Vol 30, No. 161, August 20, 1965, pp. 10829-10833.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6500 − 00 (2012)
Measurement Method for Determining Grade of Wool,Sec- animal fibers in raw and sliver form because current estimates
tion 31.204 of between-laboratory precision are acceptable. In cases of
Official Standards of the United States for Grades of Wool disagreement arising from differences in values reported by
Top,Section 31.1 two or more laboratories when using this test method for
Measurement Method for Determining Grade of Wool acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the
Top,Section 31.301 laboratories should be determined with each comparison being
USDAGradeStandardsforGreaseMohairandMohairTop based on the testing of specimens randomly drawn from one
sample of material of the type being evaluated. Test Method
2.3 IWTO Standards:
D2130 shall be used as a referee test method.
IWTO-8-66Method of Determining Wool Fiber Diameter
by the Projection Microscope
5.3 This test method may be used for determining compli-
IWTO-12-93Measurement of the Mean and Distribution of
ance with average fiber diameter and diameter variation to
Fibre Diameter Using a Sirolan-Laserscan Fibre Diameter
assign grades when determining conformance of shipments to
Analyser
material specifications given in Specifications D2252, D3991,
IWTO-19-98Determination of Wool Base and Vegetable
and D3992, and Test Method D2816.
Matter Base of Core Samples of Raw Wool
5.4 Theproceduresfordeterminingmeanfiberdiameterand
IWTO-47-98Measurement of the Mean and Distribution of
standard deviation of fiber diameter provided in this test
Fibre Diameter of Wool Using an Optical Fibre Diameter
methodandinIWTOMethod47-98areinessentialagreement.
Analyser (OFDA)
6. Apparatus, Materials, and Reagents
3. Terminology
6.1 Optical Fiber Diameter Analyser ,consistingofatrans-
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.13, refer to Termi-
missionlightmicroscope,fittedwithastage(motor-drivenand
nology D4845.
controlled by a computer), stroboscopic illumination that is
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
synchronisedwiththestagemovement,andaCCDcamera;an
average fiber diameter, grade, in wool and mohair, snippet.
image acquisition and analysis hardware system; a means for
3.1.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
controlling the interaction between the camera, stage motors
Terminology D123.
and illumination unit; a data acquisition and processing
computer, with optionally, control and reporting software; and,
4. Summary of Test Method
avideomonitor,capableofdisplayingeachimageframeinreal
4.1 This test method describes procedures for sampling
time, for audit purposes. See Fig. 1.
wool in various physical forms, the reduction of the sample to
6.2 Glass Microscope Slides , of float glass, sufficiently
small test specimens, and measurement of the diameter of a
robusttowithstandrepeatedhandlinghavingdimensions70by
number of fibers from the test specimens using the OFDA.
70by2mm.Twoidenticalslidesaretapedtogethersothatone
Snippetscomprisingatestspecimencutfromthevariousforms
supports the fiber samples with the other serving as a cover
of wool are cleaned where required, conditioned, and spread
slide. Slides that are scratched on their inside surfaces are
uniformlyoverthesurfaceofamicroscopeslide.Acoverslide
unsuitable as they may lend to erroneous measurements.
is placed over the specimen and the slide placed on a
microscope stage, that is moved under computer control. The 6.3 Cleaning and Conditioning Apparatus and Facilities,
slide is stepped through the field of view of a low-power suitable for cleaning and drying the subsamples in accordance
microscope objective. At each step, the video system is withTest Method D584 and conditioning them as described in
instructed to capture and analyze a fiber image frame. Each Practice D1776.
diameter measurement is allocated to a diameter class and, at
6.4 Apparatus for Snippet Preparation, having either two
the completion of the slide, the class contents are statistically
parallel cutting edges between 1.8 and 2.0 mm apart (for
analysed to produce the mean and standard deviation of the 7,8 9
example, guillotine or snippeter ; see Figs. 2 and 3), or a
fiber diameter for the specimen. Full distribution data are also
cutting diameter of between 1.9 and 2.1 mm (for example,
available in the form of a printed histogram.
,10
minicore ; see Fig. 4). A minicore consists of a cylindrical
sample holder, designed for relatively large samples, in which
5. Significance and Use
a sample is manually packed, then compressed, and a coring
5.1 This test method specifies sampling and testing proce-
head is driven pneumatically into the sample. The sample is
dures for the measurement of average fiber diameter and
compacted by a spring-loaded platen. Six or more minicore
variation in diameter of animal fibers.
tubeswith2-mmdiametertipspassthroughperforationsinthe
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
tance testing of commercial shipments of wool and other
Available from BSC Electronics Pty, Ltd., 1A Thurso Rd., Myaree, Western
Australia, 6154.
Available from Symtech Systems and Technology, I-85 and Bryant Rd., PO
Federal Register, Vol 33, No. 248, December 21, 1968, pp. 19073-19076. Box 2627, Spartanburg, SC 29304.
5 9
Federal Register, Vol 36, No. 129, July 3, 1971, pp. 12681-12658. Available from CSIRO, Division of Wool Technology, PO Box 21, Belmont,
AvailablefromtheInternationalWoolTextileOrganization,InternationalWool VIC 3216, Australia.
Secretariat, Commercial Development Department, Valley Drive, Ilkley, Yorkshire Available from the South African Wool Testing Bureau, Gomery Ave.,
LS29, 8PB, England, UK. Summerstrand, PO Box 1867, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.
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D6500 − 00 (2012)
FIG. 1 The Optical Fiber Diameter Analyser
FIG. 2 Guillotine and Snippeter
platen when the force supplied by the pneumatic cylinder 6.5 Heavy-Duty Sectioning Device , comprised of a metal
exceeds the force from the preloaded spring.At the end of the plate with slot and compressing key and equipped with a
stroke,thecuttingtipshavepenetratedtowithin0.5mmofthe
base of the sample holder. The sample collected by the
minicore tubes is automatically expelled into a collection 11
Available from MICO Instruments, 1944 Main St., PO Box 451, Marshfield
device upon retraction of the coring head. Hills, MA 02051-0451.
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D6500 − 00 (2012)
FIG. 3 Guillotine
FIG. 4 Minicoring Device
propulsion mechanism by which the fiber bundle may be 6.8 Box for Compressing Loose Fibers, 300 by 150 by 375
extruded for sectioning. The instrument is designed to hold a
mm deep, inside dimensions, equipped with a floating top that
sliver or top or equivalent bulk of fibers, yarn, or fabric (see
has16randomlyspacedholes20mmindiameteroveritsarea.
Fig. 1 of Test Method D2130). Alternatively, this instrument
Thesamplemaybefirmlycompressedbyapplyingpressureon
can be used to generate the snippets.
thetop.Thetopisheldinplacebytworodsextendingthrough
holes in the side of the box and over the top. The coring tube
6.6 Safety Razor Blades, single-edge or double-edge (if
used with blade holder). is thrust through the holes in the top to sample the wool.
6.7 Slide Preparer capableofuniformlyspreadingaportion
6.9 Pressure Coring Tube, 13-mm inside-diameter metal
of the cleaned, conditioned snippet sample over the surface of
tube, approximately 760 mm long, reamed and tapped on one
a clean glass slide at a predetermined, controlled density. For
end to hold a sharp 10 or 13-mm cutting tip. The tube is fitted
the OFDA, the optimum obscured areas, that is, the ratio of
with a “T” cross bar about 500 mm long.
fiber to the total field area, is between 15 and 25%. There are
6.10 Core Extruder, 6-mm wood dowel or aluminum rod
differentversionsofslidepreparers(spreaders)availableandit
slightly longer than the coring tube to push the sample from
must be ensured that the same slide preparer is used for both
calibration and routine OFDA measurements. See Fig. 5. tube.
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D6500 − 00 (2012)
FIG. 5 Slide Spreader
6.11 Solvents—Petroleum spirit (boiling range 40 to 70°C) 7. Sampling
and 1,1,1, trichloroethane. When the preparation method calls
7.1 Loose Fibers—Themethodofobtainingarepresentative
forthecleaningofsliversubsamples,oneofthesetwosolvents
sample of wool differs according to circumstances. The sam-
shall be used. Warning—Both solvents have associated haz-
pling procedures and major circumstances encountered are as
ards in terms of volatility, toxicity, and, in the case of
follows:
petroleum spirit, flammability. In both cases, care should be
7.1.1 Lots of Packaged, Grease, Pulled, or Scoured Wool—
takeninstorage,handling,use,anddisposalinaccordancewith
Take core samples as directed in Practice D1060. Clean or
the appropriate safety procedures. Refer to manufacturers’
material safety data sheets (MSDS). scourtherawwoolsampleasdirectedinTestMethodD584.If
a representative portion of the scoured wool core sample
6.12 Calibration Standards—Used for instrument calibra-
resulting from the test for clean wool fiber present is available,
tion. For wool, use current Interwoollabs IH Standard Tops
it may be used for fiber diameter determination. If core
and for mohair, use current International Mohair Association
sampling is not feasible, take at random, by hand, at least 50
Standard Tops .
handfuls of wool from not less than 10% of the packages.The
aggregate mass of the sample shall be at least 1.5 kg.
AvailablefromInterwoollabsSecretariat,Boite14RuedeLuxembourg19/21,
7.1.2 Major Sort—For packaged grease wool in fleece form
1040 Brussels, Belgium.
13 for which a diameter test is needed for only the major sort of
Available from International Mohair Association, Mohair House, 68 The
Grove, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, LS29 9PA, England, UK. the fleece, hand sample by drawing one or more handfuls of
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D6500 − 00 (2012)
wool from the major sort portions of at least 50 fleeces taken quired to achieve the necessary quantity of snippets, combine
atrandomfromthelot.Theaggregatemassofthesampleshall snippets from one sliver subsample or bulk subsample to form
be at least 1.5 kg. the test specimen.
8.2.1.1 Minicore (Applicable to Raw Wool, Card Sliver, or
7.1.3 Piles of Graded or Sorted Wool—Sample piles of
Top)—Minicoreeachsliversubsampleo
...