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ASTM D2186-84(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam

Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of deposit-forming impurities in steam. Determinations are made on condensed steam samples in all test methods. Test Methods A, B, and C give a measure of the amount of total deposit-forming material present; Test Method D deals with special constituents that may be present. Special precautions and equipment, calculation procedures, and ranges of applicability are described. The following test methods are included:  Sections Test Method A (Gravimetric or Evaporative) 6 to 12 Test Method B (Electrical Conductivity) 13 to 19 Test Method C (Sodium Tracer) 20 to 26 Test Method D (Silica and Metals) 27 to 30
1.2 Test Method A is applicable for determining total dissolved and suspended solids in concentrations normally not less than 0.1 mg/L (ppm). It is applicable only to long-time steady-state conditions and is not applicable for transients.  
1.3 Test Method B will measure minimum impurity concentrations varying from 3 mg/L (ppm) down to at least 0.005 mg/L (ppm), depending on the means for removing dissolved gases from the steam condensate. The means for removing dissolved gases also affects the storage capacity of steam condensate in the system and, thus, affects the response of the system to transients.  
1.4 Because of the high sensitivity of methods for measuring sodium in steam condensate, Test Method C provides the most sensitive measure of impurity content for samples in which sodium is an appreciable percentage of the impurities present. Concentrations as low as 0.6 [mu]g/L (ppb) can be detected by flame photometry and as low as 0.5 [mu]g/L (ppb) by sodium ion electrode. The apparatus can be designed with low volume, and, therefore, Test Method C is the most responsive to transient conditions.  
1.5 Test Method D covers the determination of silica and metals in steam, which are not included in Test Methods B and C and are not individually determined using Test Method A.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2004
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2186-84(1999)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D2186-05 - Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1125-23 - Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5391-23 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005

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ASTM D2186-84(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in SteamASTM D2186-84(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam
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ASTM D2186-84(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D 2186–84 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Deposit-Forming Impurities in Steam
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Test Method D covers the determination of silica and
metals in steam, which are not included in Test Methods B and
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
C and are not individually determined using Test Method A.
amountofdeposit-formingimpuritiesinsteam.Determinations
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
are made on condensed steam samples in all test methods. Test
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Methods A, B, and C give a measure of the amount of total
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
deposit-forming material present; Test Method D deals with
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
special constituents that may be present. Special precautions
limitations prior to use.
and equipment, calculation procedures, and ranges of applica-
bility are described. The following test methods are included:
2. Referenced Documents
Sections
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method A (Gravimetric or Evaporative) 6 to 12
Test Method B (Electrical Conductivity) 13 to 19
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
Test Method C (Sodium Tracer) 20 to 26 3
D 515 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water
Test Method D (Silica and Metals) 27 to 30
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
1.2 Test Method A is applicable for determining total
D 857 Test Methods for Aluminum in Water
dissolved and suspended solids in concentrations normally not
D 859 Test Method for Silica in Water
3
less than 0.1 mg/L (ppm). It is applicable only to long-time
D 992 Test Method for Nitrate Ion in Water
2
steady-state conditions and is not applicable for transients.
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
1.3 Test Method B will measure minimum impurity concen-
D 1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
trations varying from 3 mg/L (ppm) down to at least 0.005
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
mg/L (ppm), depending on the means for removing dissolved
sistivity of Water
gases from the steam condensate. The means for removing
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
dissolved gases also affects the storage capacity of steam
D 1339 Test Methods for Sulfite Ion in Water
condensate in the system and, thus, affects the response of the
D 1428 Test Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water
3
system to transients.
and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
1.4 Because of the high sensitivity of methods for measur-
D 1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
ing sodium in steam condensate, Test Method C provides the
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
most sensitive measure of impurity content for samples in
D 1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
which sodium is an appreciable percentage of the impurities
D 1888 Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter
present. Concentrations as low as 0.6 µg/L (ppb) can be 3
in Water
detected by flame photometry and as low as 0.5 µg/L (ppb) by
D 2791 Test Method for Continuous Determination of So-
sodium ion electrode. The apparatus can be designed with low
dium in Water
2
volume, and, therefore, Test Method C is the most responsive
D 3082 Test Method for Boron in Water
to transient conditions.
D 3370 Practices for SamplingWater from Closed Conduits
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
2
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis of Water for Power. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally the ASTM website.
e1 3
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2186 – 84 (1999) . Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2186–84 (2005)
3. Terminology TEST METHOD A—GRAVIMETRIC OR
EVAPORATIVE
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
methods, refer to Terminology D 1129.
6. Scope
6.1 The gravimetric test method is recommended fo
...

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5.1 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.4 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.5  
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1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7485-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off