ASTM D3042-09(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregates
Standard Test Method for Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The amount and size distribution of noncarbonate (insoluble) material in carbonate aggregates is of interest to those conducting research on the polish susceptibility of stone used in pavements or on the friction properties of pavement surfaces. In addition, some agencies utilize the test for acceptance purposes to delineate carbonate aggregates that polish excessively and become slippery and those that will not.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Practice D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the percentage of insoluble residue in carbonate aggregates using hydrochloric acid solution to react the carbonates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11, “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D3042 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
1.1 This test method covers determination of the percentage
ofinsolubleresidueincarbonateaggregatesusinghydrochloric
3. Significance and Use
acid solution to react the carbonates.
3.1 The amount and size distribution of noncarbonate (in-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
soluble) material in carbonate aggregates is of interest to those
standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11, “The values
conducting research on the polish susceptibility of stone used
stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimen-
in pavements or on the friction properties of pavement sur-
sions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires
faces. In addition, some agencies utilize the test for acceptance
used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units
purposes to delineate carbonate aggregates that polish exces-
shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.”
sively and become slippery and those that will not.
Whensievemeshsizesarereferenced,thealternateinch-pound
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are
designations are provided for information purposes and en-
dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the proce-
closed in parentheses.
dure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment
used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Practice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and
controlling some of those factors.
statements are given in Section 7.
4. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Sieves, U.S. standard 8-in. diameter, conforming to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification E11 in the following sizes:
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
Aggregates
4.75-mm (No. 4)
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
2.36-mm (No. 8)
1.18-mm (No. 16)
crete Aggregates
600-µm (No. 30)
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
300-µm (No. 50)
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
150-µm (No. 100)
75-µm (No. 200)
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials 4.2 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 15
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
kgandmeetingtherequirementsofSpecificationD4753,Class
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and GP5.
Construction Materials Testing
4.3 Oven, of appropriate size capable of being maintained at
110 6 5°C.
4.4 Agitation Equipment, such as a jar mill or a magnetic
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
stirrer.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests.
4.5 Bunsen Burner or Hot Plate.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published February 2016. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3042 – 09. DOI:
4.6 Receiving Tank, of nonreactive material to receive wash
10.1520/D3042-09R15.
water and residue washed through the 8-in. diameter sieves.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.7 Rapid Filter Paper, acid-resistant.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.8 Safety Eyeglasses, Rubber Gloves, Aprons, and so forth.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3042 − 09 (2015)
4.9 Borosilicate Glass Containers, for performing acid 7.4 Place an aggregate sample weighing a minimum of 500
leaching test. g in a suitable borosilicate glass container. The container shall
be vented to allow gas from the reaction to escape and to be
4.10 pH Paper or pH Meter.
drawn away. Slowly add 1000 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid
(HCl) allowing for excessive effervescence or foaming to
5. Reagent
subside before further addition of solution. Agitate the con-
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
tainer and contents gently by hand until excessive efferves-
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
cence has subsided.
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
7.5 Place the container and contents on an agitating device.
where such specifications are available. Use of other grades is
7.6 Check the container periodically, and when the reaction
permitted, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
appears to have subsided (no obvious bubbling) decant the
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
solution and add approximately 300 mL of the 6 N HCl and
accuracy of the determination.
check for a reaction. Collect all decant solution in a receiving
5.2 Hydrochloric Acid (6 N)—Prepare a 6 N solution of
tank for future use only if determination of the total residue
hydrochloric acid (HCl).
content is desired as in Section 8.
7.6.1 If a reaction (bubbling) is observed, continue agitation
6. Samples
until the reaction subsides and repeat the procedure beginning
6.1 Samples shall be representative of the sources from
at 7.6.
which they are obtained and shall be reduced to appropriate
7.7 When no reaction is observed, heat the container gently
size by use of sample splitters or by quartering in accordance
over a bunsen burner or hot plate. Some carbonate materials
with the Sampling Section of Test Method C136.
will require heating to temperatures of up to 110°C and
6.1.1 Normally, the aggregate used in the test sample shall
maintaining this temperature level for approximately1hin
be retained after washing over the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, and
order to completely react the carbonate fraction.
passing the 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) sieve.
7.7.1 If no reaction is observed upon heating, proceed with
6.1.2 Test separate fractions or combined aggregate grad-
the remainder of the test procedure.
ings as appropriate.
7.7.2 If a reaction is observed upon heating, continue the
6.2 Dry sample aggregates to constant mass at 110 6 5°C.
agitation and repeat the procedure beginning at 7.7.
6.3 Use an oven-dry sample having a minimum mass of 500
7.8 When the reaction has stopped, decant the acid solution
g.
and add water to the aggregate in the glass container to
thoroughly dilute the acid. The residue in the container shall
7. Procedure for Determining Only the Plus 75 µm (No.
have a pH as indicated by pH paper or pH meter of more than
200) Size Fraction of Insoluble Residue
5.5.
7.1 For many applications, only the plus 75-µm (No. 200)
size insoluble residue fraction is of interest. This section 7.9 Wash the diluted solution and residue from the aggre-
provides a procedure for determination of the amount and size gate sample over a preweighed 75-µm (No. 200) sieve placed
distribution of only the plus 75-µm (No. 200) size insoluble
over a receiving tank.
residue. If the total amount of insoluble residue is desired,
7.10 Thoroughly rinse the material on the 75-µm (No. 200)
follow the procedure in Section 8 and only such portions of
sieve and into the receiving tank. Dry the sieve and the residue
Section 7 as are indicated in Section 8.
ina110 6 5°C oven.
7.2 Prepare and test samples in triplicate for each aggregate
7.11 When the sieve and residue have cooled to room
sampled.
temperature, weigh the sieve plus the residue and subtract the
7.3 Warning—Hydrogen chloride gas is released during
original mass of the dry clean sieve to obtain the mass of the
this procedure. Exercise extreme care to prevent corrosive gas
plus 75-µm (No. 200) sieve size residue.
from entering the laboratory atmosphere. The hydrogen chlo-
7.12 Visually inspect the residue to determine if there is
ride gas that may be produced in the chemical reaction can be
part
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3042 − 09 D3042 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the percentage of insoluble residue in carbonate aggregates using hydrochloric acid
solution to react the carbonates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11, “The values stated in
SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire
cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes
are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The amount and size distribution of noncarbonate (insoluble) material in carbonate aggregates is of interest to those
conducting research on the polish susceptibility of stone used in pavements or on the friction properties of pavement surfaces. In
addition, some agencies utilize the test for acceptance purposes to delineate carbonate aggregates that polish excessively and
become slippery and those that will not.
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the
capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable
of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3666 alone does not
completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Practice D3666 or similar acceptable guideline
provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D3042 – 03.D3042 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D3042-09.10.1520/D3042-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3042 − 09 (2015)
4. Apparatus
4.1 Sieves, U.S. standard 8-in. diameter, conforming to Specification E11 in the following sizes:
9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
4.75-mm (No. 4)
2.36-mm (No. 8)
1.18-mm (No. 16)
600-μm (No. 30)
300-μm (No. 50)
150-μm (No. 100)
75-μm (No. 200)
4.2 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 15 kg and meeting the requirements of Specification D4753, Class GP5.
4.3 Oven, of appropriate size capable of being maintained at 110 6 5°C.
4.4 Agitation Equipment, such as a jar mill or a magnetic stirrer.
4.5 Bunsen Burner or Hot Plate.
4.6 Receiving Tank, of nonreactive material to receive wash water and residue washed through the 8-in. diameter sieves.
4.7 Rapid Filter Paper, acid-resistant.
4.8 Safety Eyeglasses, Rubber Gloves, Aprons, and so forth.
4.9 Borosilicate Glass Containers, for performing acid leaching test.
4.10 pH Paper or pH Meter.
5. Reagent
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Use of other grades is permitted, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 Hydrochloric Acid (6 N)—Prepare a 6 N solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
6. Samples
6.1 Samples shall be representative of the sources from which they are obtained and shall be reduced to appropriate size by use
of sample splitters or by quartering in accordance with the Sampling Section of Test Method C136.
6.1.1 Normally, the aggregate used in the test sample shall be retained after washing over the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, and
passing the 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) sieve.
6.1.2 Test separate fractions or combined aggregate gradings as appropriate.
6.2 Dry sample aggregates to constant mass at 110 6 5°C.
6.3 Use an oven-dry sample having a minimum mass of 500 g.
7. Procedure for Determining Only the Plus 75 μm (No. 200) Size Fraction of Insoluble Residue
7.1 For many applications, only the plus 75-μm (No. 200) size insoluble residue fraction is of interest. This section provides
a procedure for determination of the amount and size distribution of only the plus 75-μm (No. 200) size insoluble residue. If the
total amount of insoluble residue is desired, follow the procedure in Section 8 and only such portions of Section 7 as are indicated
in Section 8.
7.2 Prepare and test samples in triplicate for each aggregate sampled.
7.3 Warning—Hydrogen chloride gas is released during this procedure. Exercise extreme care to prevent corrosive gas from
entering the laboratory atmosphere. The hydrogen chloride gas that may be produced in the chemical reaction can be destructive
to laboratory equipment and can also be a definite safety hazard to laboratory personnel. Under no circumstances shall the test be
performed without proper and adequate ventilation. Operators shall be required to wear a mask when performing this test.
7.4 Place an aggregate sample weighing a minimum of 500 g in a suitable borosilicate glass container. The container shall be
vented to allow gas from the reaction to escape and to be drawn away. Slowly add 1000 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid (HCl)
allowing for excessive effervescence or foaming to subside before further addition of solution. Agitate the container and contents
gently by hand until excessive effervescence has subsided.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
D3042 − 09 (2015)
7.5 Place the container and contents on an agitating device.
7.6 Check the container periodically, and when the reaction appears to have subsided (no obvious bubbling) decant the solution
and add approximately 300 mL of the 6 N HCl and check for a reaction. Collect all decant solution in a receiving tank for future
use only if determination of the total residue content is desired as in Section 8.
7.6.1 If a reaction (bubbling) is observed, continue agitation until the reaction subsides and repeat the procedure beginning at
7.6.
7.7 When no reaction is observed, heat the container gently over a bunsen burner or hot plate. Some carbonate materials will
require heating to temperatures of up to 110°C and maintaining this temperature level for approximately 1 h in order to completely
react the carbonate fraction.
7.7.1 If no reaction is observed upon heating, proceed with the remainder of the test procedure.
7.7.2 If a reaction is observed upon heating, continue the agitation and repeat
...
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