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ASTM

ASTM C877-02

(Specification)

Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections

Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers external sealing bands to be used in conjunction with concrete pipe as defined in Terminology C 822 and conforming to Specifications C 14, C 76, C 412, C 478, C 506, C 507, C 655, C 985, C 1417, and C 1433.
1.1.1 Type I, Rubber and Mastic Bands.
1.1.2 Type II, Plastic Film and Mesh Reinforced Mastic Bands.
1.1.3 Type III, Chemically-Bonded Adhesive Butyl Bands.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 877 has been developed-C 877M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1—This specification covers only the design and material of the sealing bands. Sealing bands covered by this specification are adequate, when properly installed, for external hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi, (30 ft) without leakage. The amount of infiltration or exfiltration flow in an installed pipeline is dependent upon many factors other than the sealing bands; allowable quantities and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system must be covered by other specifications.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.08 - Joints for Precast Concrete Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C877-01 - Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM C877-02e1 - Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM C877-02 - Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box SectionsASTM C877-02 - Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections
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ASTM C877-02 - Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 877 – 02
Standard Specification for
External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and
1
Precast Box Sections
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C 681 Test Method for Volatility of Oil- and Resin-Based,
1.1 This specification covers external sealing bands to be
4
Knife-Grade, Channel Glazing Compounds
used in conjunction with concrete pipe as defined in Terminol-
C 766 Test Method forAdhesionAfter Impact of Preformed
ogyC 822andconformingtoSpecificationsC 14,C 76,C 412,
4
Tape Sealants
C 478, C 506, C 507, C 655, C 985, C 1417, and C 1433.
C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
1.1.1 Type I, Rubber and Mastic Bands.
3
Products
1.1.2 Type II, Plastic Film and Mesh Reinforced Mastic
C 985 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified
Bands.
3
Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
1.1.3 Type III, Chemically-Bonded Adhesive Butyl Bands.
C 1417 Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Con-
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 877
crete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for Direct
hasbeendeveloped—C 877M;therefore,nometricequivalents
3
Design
are presented in this specification.
C 1433 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box
3
NOTE 1—This specification covers only the design and material of the
Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers
sealing bands. Sealing bands covered by this specification are adequate,
D 36 TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ringand
when properly installed, for external hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi,
5
Ball Apparatus)
(30 ft) without leakage. The amount of infiltration or exfiltration flow in
D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
aninstalledpipelineisdependentuponmanyfactorsotherthanthesealing
6
Grease
bands; allowable quantities and suitable testing of the installed pipeline
and system must be covered by other specifications.
D 395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
7
Set
2. Referenced Documents
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
7
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
A 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
2
7
Chromium-Nickel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
uids
8
C 14 Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
3
Culvert Pipe
D 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
7
C 76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
Oven
3
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional
3
7
C 412 Specification for Concrete Drain Tile
Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
C 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-
D 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
3
8
hole Sections
Sheeting
C 506 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert,
D 1171 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
3
Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Speci-
7
C 507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Cul-
mens)
3
vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
D 1278 Test Methods for Rubber from Natural Sources—
7
C 655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-
Chemical Analysis
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Rubber
4
Gaskets. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
5
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
6
published as C 877–77. Last previous edition C 877–01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 877
TABLE 1 Required Sealing Band Width
D 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation of
9
Textile Fabrics Equivalent Circular Pipe
Sealing Band Width, in.
Diameter, in.
D 1963 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils,
10
18 to 33 7
Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C
36 to 78 9
4
D 2202 Test Method for Slump of Sealants
84 to 108 11
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
114 to 144 13
7
Hardness
D 3407 Test Methods for Joint Sealants, Hot-Pour
...

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ASTM C877-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the metric standard for three types of external sealing bands to be used in conjunction with concrete pipe, manholes, and precast box sections. The first type of bands shall be composed of rubber, mastic, and protective film elements, while the second type shall consist of a plastic film, reinforced, rubberized, asphalt, mastic coating with steel straps. The third type shall be composed of a backing band, an applied continuous butyl adhesive coating and an optional release element. All the elements of each type of sealing band shall have physical properties conforming with specified limits as determined through appropriate test methods herein provided.
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1.1 This specification covers external sealing bands to be used in conjunction with concrete pipe as defined in Terminology C822 and conforming to Specifications C14, C76, C412, C478/C478M, C506, C507, C655, C985, C1417, and C1433.  
1.1.1 Type I, Rubber and Mastic Bands.  
1.1.2 Type II, Plastic Film and Mesh Reinforced Mastic Bands.  
1.1.3 Type III, Chemically-Bonded Adhesive Butyl Bands.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C877M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.  
Note 1: This specification covers only the design and material of the sealing bands. Sealing bands covered by this specification are adequate, when properly installed, for external hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi, (30 ft) without leakage. The amount of infiltration or exfiltration flow in an installed pipeline is dependent upon many factors other than the sealing bands; allowable quantities and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system must be covered by other specifications.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials

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4.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and condition of the materials.  
4.2 Samples are taken for either of the following two purposes:  
4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or  
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of asphalt materials at points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler's ability to continuously fill a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler's durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:    
Property  
Section  
Expansion in Boiling Water  
7.1  
Recovery and Compression  
7.2  
Extrusion  
7.3  
Boiling in Hydrochloric Acid  
7.4  
Asphalt Content  
7.5  
Water Absorption  
7.6  
Density  
7.7
Note 1: Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of joint fillers, as stated herein.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
SCOPE
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ASTM D6390-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be nondestructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need.  
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1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods, look at other ASTM standards and practices.  
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: thermally bonded seams, hot air, hot wedge (or knife), extrusion, solvent-bonded seams, bodied solvent-bonded seams, adhesive-bonded or cemented seams, taped seams, and waterproofed sewn seams.  
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ASTM D6392-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. In the case of geomembranes, it has become evident that geomembrane seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. Although this is an index-type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with sufficient seam peel and shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and reporting data, such as separation that occurs during the peel test and elongation during the shear test, will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of inferior seams during facility construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and quality assurance tests used to determine the integrity of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of nonbituminous bonded seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. These test procedures are intended for nonreinforced geomembranes only.  
1.2 The types of thermal field seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
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1.2.2 Hot Wedge (or Knife)—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, or both, to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual bond tracks separated by a nonbonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include the following:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Very flexible polyethylene (VFPE).  
1.3.4 Linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE).  
1.3.5 High-density polyethylene (HDPE).  
1.3.6 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.7 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).
Note 1: The polyethylene identifiers presented in 1.3.1 – 1.3.5 describe the types of materials typically tested using this test method. These are industry-accepted trade descriptions and are not technical material classifications based upon material density.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D8265-23(Practice)
Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Mapping Leaks in Installed Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containment facilities. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, and punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade.  
4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are used to detect and locate leaks for repair. These practices can achieve a zero-leak condition at the conclusion of the survey(s). If any of the requirements for survey area preparation and testing procedures is not adhered to, then leaks could remain in the geomembrane after the survey. Not all of the survey area requirements are possible to achieve at some sites, but the closer the site can come to the ideal condition, the more successful the method will be.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with liquid or earthen materials, or both.  
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed to the highest technical capability of electrical methods, which should result in complete liquid containment (no leaks in geomembrane).  
1.3 Not all sites will be easily amenable to this method, but some preparation can be performed in order to enable this method at nearly any site as outlined in Section 6. If ideal testing conditions cannot be achieved, the method can still be performed, but any issues with site conditions are documented.  
1.4 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other sufficiently electrically insulating materials.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures should be taken to protect the leak location operators, as well as other people at the site. A current limiter of no greater than 290 mA should be used for all direct current power sources used to conduct the survey.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides...

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Standard Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The maximum specific gravities and densities of asphalt mixtures are intrinsic properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and asphalt materials.  
5.1.1 They are used to calculate values for percent air voids in compacted asphalt mixtures.  
5.1.2 They provide target values for the compaction of asphalt mixtures.  
5.1.3 They are essential when calculating the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the internal porosity of the individual aggregate particles in an asphalt mixture.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at 25 °C [77 °F].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4616-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light and Determination of Mesophase in a Pitch

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sometimes coal tar and petroleum pitches are heat treated thereby forming mesophase spheroids. The mesophase may be partially soluble in quinoline and cannot be estimated by the quinoline insoluble test (Test Method D2318). This test method provides for the identification, quantitative estimation, and size determination of mesophase spheroids.  
5.2 The mesophase initially forms as spheroids that may coalesce to form a variety of asymmetrical shapes. The smallest mesophase particle that can be detected with certainty at 400× or 500× magnification is 4 μm in diameter; mesophase particles sizes less than 4 μm should be ignored. If mesophase material less than 4 μm in size is of interest, then magnifications of 1000× to 1800× shall be used and the results should be appropriately identified. This method is limited to determining minor levels of mesophase, that is, ≤20 % mesophase.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for the preparation of granular and melted samples for microscopic analysis using reflected light to identify and estimate the amount and size of the mesophase.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off