ASTM A608-91a(1998)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, high-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended for use under pressure at high temperatures.
1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 are intended for applications requiring strength and resistance to corrosion and scaling at high temperatures.
1.3 Optional Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11 are provided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: A 608 – 91a (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing
for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Ordering Information
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, high- 3.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended the following, as required, to describe the desired material
for use under pressure at high temperatures. adequately:
1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 are 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),
intended for applications requiring strength and resistance to 3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast tubing),
corrosion and scaling at high temperatures. 3.1.3 Specification number and grade (Table 1),
1.3 Optional Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11 are 3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
provided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired. thickness, see Section 8).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1.5 Condition (see Section9, as cast or as cast with
as the standard. machining on outside or inside surfaces, or machined; see 5.1,
8, and 9),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variations
2.1 ASTM Standards: in Length Section of Specification A 530/A 530M),
A 342 Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic
3.1.7 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A 530/
Materials A 530M),
A 488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
3.1.8 Optional requirements (see 8.2.3 regarding the manu-
fication of Procedures and Personnel facturer’s wall thickness allowance for as cast tubing and
A 530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11),
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe 3.1.9 Test report required (see Section 13), and
E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3.1.10 Special requirements to be added to the specification.
E 21 Test Methods for Elevated-Temperature Tension Tests
4. General Requirements
of Metallic Materials
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing 4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
E 139 Practice for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials Specification A 530/A 530M, unless otherwise provided
E 142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic herein.
Testing
5. Materials and Manufacture
E 151 Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials at
Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating and Conven- 5.1 The tubing may be supplied in the as cast condition or as
cast with machining on the outside or inside surfaces, or
tional or Rapid Strain Rates
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination machined, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
5.2 Heat treatment of the tubing shall not be required under
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, this specification.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
6. Chemical Requirements
Current edition approved July 15, 1991. Published August 1991. Originally
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
published as A 608 – 70. Last previous edition A 608 – 91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
7. Tensile Properties
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
7.1 Tension tests at room temperature are not recommended
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 608
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade Composition, %
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Phosphorus Sulfur Molybdenum
HC30 0.25–0.35 0.5–1.0 0.50–2.00 26–30 4.0 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HD50 0.45–0.55 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 4–7 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HE35 0.30–0.40 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 8–11 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HF30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 19–23 9–12 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HH30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 24–28 11–14 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
A
HH33 0.28–0.38 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 24–26 12–14 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HI35 0.30–0.40 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 14–18 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HK30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 23–27 19–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HK40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 23–27 19–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HL30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 28–32 18–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HL40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 28–32 18–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HN40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 19–23 23–27 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HT50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 15–19 33–37 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HU50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 17–21 37–41 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HW50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 10–14 58–62 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HX50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 15–19 64–68 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
A
Manufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite. See Supplementary Requirement S5.
as acceptance criteria under this specification since the alloys 8.2.2.2 Tubes not machined on the inside shall have permis-
are intended for elevated-temperature service, and room- sible variations as agreed upon by the purchaser and the
temperature tests do not have a dependable relationship to manufacturer.
elevated-temperature properties. (Where the design of the 8.2.3 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not exceed
tubing is based on an assumption of certain minimum creep- the calculated minimum as cast wall thickness by more than the
rupture properties, one of the supplementary requirements of limits shown in Table 3. The calculated minimum wall thick-
this specification may be stipulated on the order to ascertain the ness shall be equal to the specified minimum wall thickness
ability of the material to meet the design properties.) plus the manufacturer’s allowance for “inside surface feed
metal” and outside surface roughness. Upon request, the
8. Permissible Variation in Dimensions
manufacturer’s allowance shall be furnished to the purchaser.
8.1 Machined Tubing (Tubing Machined on Inside and
There shall be no variation under the calculated minimum as
Outside): cast wall thickness. For tubes over 24 to 54 in. (600 to 1350
8.1.1 The tolerances given in Specification A 530/A 530M
mm) in diameter the “permissible variations over specified
shall govern, except that the wall thickness shall not vary over minimum as cast wall thickness” shall be agreed upon by the
the specified minimum wall thickness by more than 10 % or
manufacturer and the purchaser.
⁄16 in., whichever is greater. There shall be no variation under 8.2.4 Length—If definite lengths are ordered, no length of
the specified minimum wall thickness.
tubing shall be under the length specified and not longer than
8.2 As-Cast Tubing (No Machining or Machined on Inside the tolerance shown in Table 4.
or Outside):
9. Finish
8.2.1 Outside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Outside
Diameter):
9.1 Machined Tubing—All tubes shall be reasonably
8.2.1.1 Tubes machined on the outside shall meet the
straight and free of rejectable indications. All visual irregulari-
requirements of Specification A 530/A 530M.
ties shall be explored for depths. When the depth encroaches on
8.2.1.2 Tubes not machined on the outside shall meet the
the specified minimum wall thickness, such irregularities shall
permissible variations of Table 2.
be considered rejectable indications.
8.2.2 Inside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Inside Diam-
9.2 As-Cast Tubing:
eter):
9.2.1 The outside surface shall be adequately cleaned (such
8.2.2.1 Tubes machined on the inside shall meet the require-
as by shotblasting, sandblasting, wire brushing, grinding, or
ments of Specification A 530/A 530M.
machining). The metal surface so revealed shall be visually
inspected and shall be free of linear discontinuities or other
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Outside Diameter
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Wall Thickness
Permissible Plus or Minus
Specified Outside Diameter of Tubing Variations from Specified
Outside Diameter
Permissible Variations over
Specified Outside Diameter of Tubing Calculated Minimum As-
in. mm in. mm
Cast Wall Thickness
From 2 to 4 50 to 100 0.08 2.0
in. mm in. mm
Over 4 to 12 100 to 300 0.10 2.5
Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.12 3.0 From 2 to 6 50 to 150 0.08 2.0
Over 24 to 36 600 to 900 0.16 4.1 Over 6 to 12 150 to 300 0.10 2.5
Over 36 to 54 900 to 1350 0.25 6.4 Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.13 3.3
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 608
TABLE 4 Excess Length Tolerances for Centrifugally Cast Tubes
with sulfur-free soap suds at the discretion of the manufacturer.
In the usable portion of the tube, leaks are not permitted. If the
Permissible
Hydrostatic Test, Supplementary Requirement S6, is invoked,
Outside Diameter of Tube
Excess Length
the exact details of the test and testing procedure shall be
in. mm in. mm
clearly defined and made a part of the Ordering Information
From2to12 50to300 ⁄4 6.4
(3.1.8).
Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 ⁄2 13
10.2 Leaks may be repaired by welding only if such repair
Over 24 to 54 600 to 1350 1 25
is approved by the purchaser.
11. Flattening Test
imperfections that encroach on the specified minimum wall of
11.1 Flattening tests are not required since material covered
the tube.
by this specification is not intended to be bent, flanged, or
9.2.2 Various degrees of surface roughness occur on unma-
otherwise formed.
chined tubing. If a specific surface finish is required, it shall be
a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the
12. Mechanical Tests Required
purchaser.
12.1 Air Pressure Test—Each length of tubing shall be
9.3 Surface Irregularities Not Classified as Rejectable—
subjected to the pressure test described in Section 10.
Visual surface defects that have been explored and that do not
encroach on the minimum sound wall thickness shall be
13. Certification
blended either by machining or grinding the surface into the
13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,
surrounding unaffected surface area of the tubing.
a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac-
9.4 Repair by Welding—Repair of injurious defects by
tured and tested in accordance with this specification together
welding shall be permitted and major weld repairs shall be
with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of
permitted only subject to the approval of the purchaser. Weld
shipment.
repairs shall be considered major if the depth of the cavity
prepared for welding exceeds 20 % of the required minimum
2 14. Product Marking
wall thickness or if the total surface area exceeds 10 in. (64
14.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification
cm ). Defects shall be completely removed before welding. If
defects are linear, complete removal shall be checked by liquid A 530/A 530M, the marking shall include the length, an
additional symbol “S” if the tubing conforms to the supple-
penetrant inspection (Practice E 165). Only qualified operators
and procedures in accordance with Practice A 488/A 488M mentary requirements specified in Supplementary Require-
ments S1 to S11, and the heat number or manufacturer’s
shall be used. All weld repairs shall be subjected to the same
inspection standard as the tubing. number by which the tube can be identified, and, when as cast
(see 8.2), the notation “AS CAST.”
10. Pressure Test
15. Keywords
10.1 All tubing shall be subjected to an internal air pressure
of at least 75 psi (517 kPa) for at least 1 min either while 15.1 centrifugal casting; pressure containing parts; steel
submerged in clear water or with the entire outer surface coated tube; alloy; temperature service applications; high
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specification
when specified on the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract.
S1. Product Analysis of the tubing representing each heat or lot as agreed upon
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1.1 Product analysis may be made on any length of tubing.
S2.2 The test specimen shall conform to the dimensions
Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical require-
shown in Fig. 7 or 9 of Test Methods E 8, or as described in
ments shall be rejected. For product analysis the outside
Practice E 151. The specimen gage diameter shall not encroach
surface of the tube shall be ground clean before sampling and
a sample taken from this area by drilling. If drillings are taken, on the zone of feed metal when cut from an as-cast tube.
the drill should penetrate at least to the mid point of the tube
S2.3 The specimen shall be subjected to a short-time tension
wall, but the inner ⁄8 in. (3 mm) of the tube wall shall not be
test at a temperature of 1400°F (760°C), 1600°F (871°C),
included in the sample unless the tube has been bored.
1800°F (982°C), or 2000°F (1093°C), as selected by the
purchaser. During the test the temperature range shall be
S2. Short-Time, High-Temperature Tension Test
maintained within 610°F (5.5°C) at the selected temperature.
S2.1 Short-time, high-temperature tension tests shall be If the temperature is not specified by the purchaser, the test
made from a longitudinal or transverse section cut from the end shall be conducted at 1600°F (871°C). Processing by heat
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 608
treatment to improve the hot tensile strength of the
...
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