ASTM D5265-92(1998)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
Standard Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the capability of a long package with a narrow cross-section to resist impact near its center when the package is supported only at its ends. This test method allows the user to select from two test options: Option A employs the use of a free-fall drop tester (see Exhibit B), and Option B employs the use of simulated mechanical impact testing equipment (SMITE; see Exhibit A). The two optional procedures are designed to impart the same amount of kinetic energy at impact; therefore, each procedure yields equal damage-producing potential.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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e1
Designation: D 5265 – 92 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Bridge Impact Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in October 1998.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is intended to determine the capability 3.1 Definitions—The terms and definitions used in this test
of a long package with a narrow cross-section to resist impact method may be found in Terminology D 996.
near its center when the package is supported only at its ends. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method allows the user to select from two test options: 3.2.1 elongate package—a package that is long in propor-
Option A employs the use of a free-fall drop tester (see Exhibit tion to width and thickness, with lengths at least three times
B), and Option B employs the use of simulated mechanical their width or height.
impact testing equipment (SMITE; see Exhibit A). The two
4. Significance and Use
optional procedures are designed to impart the same amount of
4.1 Materials shipped in long, narrow packages, with
kinetic energy at impact; therefore, each procedure yields equal
damage-producing potential. lengths at least three times their width or height, are liable to
damage as a result of impact near their midpoint when only the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information ends are supported. This type of damage can occur during the
shipment of packaging of mixed dimensions. It is particularly
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the prevalent during conveyer line transport and sortation. This test
method provides a means of determining resistance to such
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- damage.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Option A—Free-Fall Drop Tester, conforming to
2. Referenced Documents
Method D 775 (see Fig. 1).
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1 Impactor, composed of a dense hardwood, with a mass
of 5.7 6 0.2 kg (12.546 0.4 lb), length of approximately 610
D 644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
w
Paperboard by Oven Drying mm (24 in.), and width of 178 mm (7 in.). The depth can be
D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products adjusted to obtain the desired weight as stated above. The long
edges of the impactor shall be rounded to a radius of 6 62mm
for Testing
2 1 1
D 775 Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes ( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
NOTE 1—If a lighter wood is used, the depth can be adjusted to achieve
ments
the correct mass.
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
5.1.2 Support Blocks, made from hardwood, nominal 150
Packaging Components for Testing
by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full width
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
of the largest package to be tested.
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
5.2 Option B—Commercial SMITE Tester, using a guided
impactor and velocity meter to calculate the theoretical free-
fall drop of the missile (see Fig. 2).
5.2.1 SMITE Tester Impactor (missile), fabricated in a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Handling and
U-shape cross-section from a steel flat plate, with a mass of
Transportation.
22.68 6 0.2 kg (50 6 0.4 lb) and length of approximately 760
w
Current edition approved July 15, 1992. Published October 1992.
mm (30 in.). The long edges of the missile shall be rounded to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 1 1
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. a radius of 6 6 2mm( ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in.).
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
D 5265 – 92 (1998)
assembly, regardless of which face is used, will weigh 22.68 kg (50 lb).
Knowing this, the mass of a SMITE tester is always 22.68 kg.
5.2.2 Support Blocks, made from dense hardwood, nominal
150 by 150 mm (6 by 6 in.), long enough to support the full
width of the largest package to be tested.
6. Sampling
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
performance. For large production runs, lot sampling for
quality control in accordance with Practice E 122 is advised.
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three
representative specimens should be selected for performance
evaluation.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 When the protective capability of a package is to be
evaluated, it is preferable to pack the package with the actual
contents for which it was designed (Note 3). When the
capability of a box to withstand rough handling is to be
evaluated, pack the container with either the actual contents or
a load simulating the contents. Regardless of which procedure
is used, close the container in the same manner that will be
used in preparing it for shipment.
NOTE 3—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of
excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the contents with
respect to dimensions, center of gravity, moment of inertia, density, flow
FIG. 1 Vertical Drop Tester
characteristics, etc. shall be used.
7.2 Close and seal the container in the normal manner. Dry
and age sufficiently so that any adhesive, protective coatings,
sealing tape, etc. will have reached their final normal condition.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Depending on the purpose of the tests, packages may be
conditioned prior to the bridge impact test by either a different
physical test, water immersion, exposure to water spray, or
exposure to standard or other fixed conditions of air tempera-
ture or humidity.
8.2 Unless otherwise specified, fiberboard packages shall be
conditioned in accordance with Method D 685 or Practice
D 4332. Other packages shall be conditioned in accordance
with Practice D 4332.
8.3 The moisture content of paperboard and fiberboard
packages should be determined in accordance with Test
Method D 644.
9. Acceptance Criteria
9.1 Acceptance criteria must be established prior to testing
and should consider the required condition of the product upon
receipt. The organizations conducting the test may choose any
acceptance criteria suitable for their purpose. It is advisable to
compare the type and quantity of damage that occurred to the
test specimens with the damage that occurs during actual
distribution and handling, or with the test results of similar
containers whose shipping history is known.
FIG. 2 Simulated Mechanical Impact Testing Equipment (SMITE)
9.2 In many cases, the acceptance criteria can be one of the
following:
NOTE 2—The standard SMITE tester is equipped with a variety of
(1) Criterion 1—Package is intact and product is damage
interchangeable missiles, providing impact options ranging from flat drop,
angle edge drop, half round, half ball, and corner. The total missile free; or
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 5265 – 92 (1998)
(2) Criterion 2—Product is damage free and package other and perpendicular to the long axis of the package
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