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ASTM D1037-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods cover small-specimen tests for wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are made to provide:
Data for comparing the mechanical and physical properties of various materials,
Data for determining the influence on the basic properties of such factors as raw material and processing variables, post-treatments of panels, and environmental influences, and
Data for manufacturing control, product research and development, and specification acceptance.
Not all the tests outlined in these test methods may be necessary to evaluate any particular panel for any specified use. In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to determine which tests shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 Part AGeneral Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials. These test methods cover the determination of the properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board. Section Significance and Use3 Apparatus4 Test Specimens5 Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements6 Accelerated Aging7 Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels8 Static Bending9 Tension Parallel to Surface10 Tension Perpendicular to Surface11 Compression Parallel to Surface12 Fastener Holding Tests:  Lateral Nail Resistance13  Nail Withdrawal14  Nail-Head Pull-Through15  Direct Screw Withdrawal16 Hardness17 Hardness Modulus18 Shear in the Plane of the Panel19 Glue-Line Shear (Block Type)20 Falling Ball Impact21 Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester22 Moisture Tests:  Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling23  Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content24 Cupping and Twisting25 Interlaminar Shear26 Edgewise Shear27 Compression-Shear28
1.2 Part BAcceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard. The methods for Part B provide test procedures for measuring the following properties of hardboard: Section Thickness32 Modulus of Rupture33 Tension Strength Parallel to Surface34 Tension Strength Perpendicular to Surface35 Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling36 Moisture Content and Specific Gravity37
1.3 There are accepted basic test procedures for various fundamental properties of materials that may be used without modification for evaluating certain properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials. These test methods are included elsewhere in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. The pertinent ones are listed in Table 1. A few of the test methods referenced are for construction where the wood-base materials often are used.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents are approximate in many cases. 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 lbf = 4.45 N.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Basic Test Procedures for Evaluating Properties of Wood Base-Fiber and Particle Panel Materials   ASTM
DesignationTest Methods for  C177Steady-State Heat-Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusA  C209Cellulosic Fiber Insulating BoardA  C236Steady-State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of the Guarded Hot BoxA  C384Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by the Imped-
ance Tube MethodA  C423Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Re-
verberation Room MethodA  D149Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Elec-
trical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power FrequenciesB  D150A-C Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsB  D257D-C Resistance or Conductance o...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2012
ICS
79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.03 - Panel Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1037 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
1
Panel Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The test methods presented herein have been developed and are presented to serve two distinct
purposes. They are divided into two parts.
Part A. General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
Panel Materials—Part A is for use in obtaining basic properties suitable for comparison studies with
other materials of construction. These refined test methods are applicable for this purpose to all
materials covered by Definitions D1554.
Part B. Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard—Part B is for specific use in
specifications for procurement and acceptance testing of hardboard. These test methods are generally
employed for those purposes in the industry. By confining their intended use as indicated, it has been
possible to achieve adequate precision of results combined with economy and speed in testing, which
are desirable for specification use.
The choice between a particular test method and its alternative should be made with a full
understandingoftheintendedpurposeofeach,becausevaluesobtainedfromtestsmay,insomecases,
differ. Of the test methods presented in both parts, some have been in generally accepted use for many
years, some are modifications and refinements of previously developed test methods, and some are
more recent developments. Where test methods are suitable for more than one of the purposes, they
are delineated in Part A, but not repeated in Part B. It is the intent that reference to the appropriate
section of the test method shall suffice in specifications developed for the different materials.
1. Scope
Section
Significance and Use 3
1.1 Part A—General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Apparatus 4
Test Specimens 5
Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials.
Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements 6
These test methods cover the determination of the properties of
Accelerated Aging 7
wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced
Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels 8
Static Bending 9
as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density
Tension Parallel to Surface 10
fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board.
Tension Perpendicular to Surface 11
Compression Parallel to Surface 12
Fastener Holding Tests:
Lateral Nail Resistance 13
1
Nail Withdrawal 14
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Nail-Head Pull-Through 15
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Direct Screw Withdrawal 16
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
Hardness 17
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1037 – 06a. DOI:
Hardness Modulus 18
10.1520/D1037-12.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1037 − 12
TABLE 1 Basic Test Procedures for Evaluating Properties of
Section
Wood Base-Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
Shear in the Plane of the Panel 19
Glue-Line Shear (Block Type) 20
ASTM
Test Methods for
Falling Ball Impact 21
Designation
Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester 22
C177 Steady-State Heat-Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission
Moisture Tests:
A
Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling 23
A
C209 Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content 24
C236 Steady-State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by
Cupping and Twisting 25
A
Means of the Guarded Hot Box
Interlaminar Shear 26
C384 Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by the Imped-
Edgewise Shear 27
A
ance Tube Method
Compression-Shear 28
C423 Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Re-
A
1.2 Part B—Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for verberation Room Method
D149 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Elec-
Hardboard. The methods for Part B provide test procedures for
B
trical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
measuring the following properties of hardboard:
D150 A-C Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of
B
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
Section
B
D257 D-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1037–06a Designation: D1037 – 12
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
1
Panel Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The test methods presented herein have been developed and are presented to serve two distinct
purposes. They are divided into two parts.
Part A. General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
Panel Materials— PartAis for use in obtaining basic properties suitable for comparison studies with
other materials of construction. These refined test methods are applicable for this purpose to all
materials covered by Definitions D1554.
Part B. Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard—Part B is for specific use in
specifications for procurement and acceptance testing of hardboard. These test methods are generally
employed for those purposes in the industry. By confining their intended use as indicated, it has been
possible to achieve adequate precision of results combined with economy and speed in testing, which
are desirable for specification use.
The choice between a particular test method and its alternative should be made with a full
understandingoftheintendedpurposeofeach,becausevaluesobtainedfromtestsmay,insomecases,
differ. Of the test methods presented in both parts, some have been in generally accepted use for many
years, some are modifications and refinements of previously developed test methods, and some are
more recent developments. Where test methods are suitable for more than one of the purposes, they
are delineated in Part A, but not repeated in Part B. It is the intent that reference to the appropriate
section of the test method shall suffice in specifications developed for the different materials.
1. Scope
1.1 Part A—General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials.These
test methods cover the determination of the properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced as
mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board.
Section
Significance and Use 3
Apparatus 4
Test Specimens 5
Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements 6
Accelerated Aging 7
Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels 8
Static Bending 9
Tension Parallel to Surface 10
Tension Perpendicular to Surface 11
Compression Parallel to Surface 12
Fastener Holding Tests:
Lateral Nail Resistance 13
Nail Withdrawal 14
Nail-Head Pull-Through 15
Direct Screw Withdrawal 16
Hardness 17
Hardness Modulus 18
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2006.May 1, 2012. Published November 2006.June 2012. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
D1037 – 06a. DOI: 10.1520/D1037-06A.10.1520/D1037-12.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1037 – 12
Section
Shear in the Plane of the Panel 19
Glue-Line Shear (Block Type) 20
Falling Ball Impact 21
Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester 22
Moisture Tests:
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling 23
Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content 24
Cupping and Twisting 25
Interlaminar Shear 26
Edgewise Shear 27
Compression-Shear 28
1.2 Part B—Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard. The methods for Part B provide test procedures for
measuring the following properties of hardboard:
Section
Thickness 32
Modulus of Rupture 33
Tension Strength Parallel to Surface 34
Tension Strength Perpendicular to Surface 35
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling 36
Moisture Content and Specific Gravity 37
1.3 There are accepted basic test procedures for various fundamental properties of materials that may be used without
modification for evaluating certain properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials. These test methods are included
elsewhere in the Annual Book of ASTM Standar
...

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4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:  
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and  
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.  
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.  
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.  
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D245-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Need for Lumber Grading:  
3.1.1 Individual pieces of lumber, as they come from the saw, represent a wide range in quality and appearance with respect to freedom from knots, cross grain, shakes, and other characteristics. Such random pieces likewise represent a wide range in strength, utility, serviceability, and value. One of the obvious requirements for the orderly marketing of lumber is the establishment of grades that permit the procurement of any required quality of lumber in any desired quantity. Maximum economy of material is obtained when the range of quality-determining characteristics in a grade is limited and all pieces are utilized to their full potential. Many of the grades are established on the basis of appearance and physical characteristics of the piece, but without regard for mechanical properties. Other grades, called structural or stress grades, are established on the basis of features that relate to mechanical properties. The latter designate near-minimum strength and near-average stiffness properties on which to base structural design.  
3.1.2 The development of this practice is based on extensive research covering tests of small clear specimens and of full-sized structural members. Detailed studies have included the strength and variability of clear wood, and the effect on strength from various factors such as density, knots (See Terminology D9), and other defects, seasoning, duration of stress, and temperature.  
3.2 How Visual Grading is Accomplished—Visual grading is accomplished from an examination of all four faces and the ends of the piece, in which the location as well as the size and nature of the knots and other features appearing on the surfaces are evaluated over the entire length. Basic principles of structural grading have been established that permit the evaluation of any piece of stress-graded lumber in terms of a strength ratio for each property being evaluated. The strength ratio of stress-graded lumber is the hypothet...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice (1, 2)2 covers the basic principles for establishing related unit stresses and stiffness values for design with visually-graded solid sawn structural lumber. This practice starts with property values from clear wood specimens and includes necessary procedures for the formulation of structural grades of any desired strength ratio.  
1.2 The grading provisions used as illustrations herein are not intended to establish grades for purchase, but rather to show how stress-grading principles are applied. Detailed grading rules for commercial stress grades which serve as purchase specifications are established and published by agencies which formulate and maintain such rules and operate inspection facilities covering the various species.  
1.3 The material covered in this practice appears in the following order:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Significance and Use  
3  
Basic Principles of Strength Ratios  
4  
Estimation and Limitation of Growth Characteristics  
5  
Allowable Properties for Timber Design  
6  
Modification of Allowable Properties for Design Use  
7  
Example of Stress-Grade Development  
8  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trad...

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ASTM
ASTM D2915-17(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products

ABSTRACT
This practice covers sampling and analysis procedures for the investigation and evaluation of allowable properties of specified populations of stress-graded structural lumber. This practice generally assumes that the population is sufficiently large so that, for sampling purposes, it may be considered infinite. The population shall be clearly defined where it may be necessary to specify the following: (1) grade name and description, (2) geographical area over which sampling will take place, (3) species or species group, (4) time span for sampling (5) lumber size, and (6) moisture content. Two statistical techniques are described under this practice, namely: parametric and nonparametric analysis. The sampling methods include: (1) random sampling, (2) sampling with unequal probabilities, and (3) sequential sampling. Selection and method of determining sample size are detailed. The results of the tests performed shall be presented as (1) a set of summarizing statistics, and (2) an appendix of unadjusted individual test specimen results. The procedures and requirements for analysis of results are detailed and includes the following: (1) adjustment factors used to reduce the test statistics to the level of allowable properties, (2) formula for calculating apparent modulus of elasticity, sample mean, sample standard deviation, and confidence interval for the mean (3) sample nonparametric percent point estimate, (4) nonparametric lower tolerance limit, (5) parametric point estimate, (6) lower parametric tolerance limit, and (7) histogram and empirical cumulative distribution function. This practice does not specify the action to be taken after the results have been analyzed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling and analysis procedures for the investigation of specified populations of wood and wood-based structural products referred to in this standard as products. Appropriate product standards should be referenced for presentation requirements for data. Depending on the interest of the user, the population from which samples are taken may range from the products produced at a specific manufacturing site to all the products produced in a particular grade from a particular geographic area, during some specified interval of time. This practice generally assumes that the population is sufficiently large so that, for sampling purposes, it may be considered infinite. Where this assumption is inadequate, that is, the population is assumed finite, many of the provisions of this practice may be employed but the sampling and analysis procedure must be designed to reflect a finite population. The statistical techniques embodied in this practice provide procedures to summarize data so that logical judgments can be made. This practice does not specify the action to be taken after the results have been analyzed. The action to be taken depends on the particular requirements of the user of the product.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This practice does not purport to address the adjustment factors needed to adjust test data to standardized mechanical and environmental conditions (that is, temperature, moisture, test span, or load duration). Additionally, it provides a basis for statistical estimates that will typically require further adjustment to determine design values for use with an accepted design methodology (that is, allowable stress, limit states, or load and resistance factor design). It shall be the responsibility of the user to seek out the appropriate adjustments in specific product standards.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac...

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