ASTM C1398-07

Standard Test Method for The Laboratory Determination of the Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Containing Additives for Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore Needles (Withdrawn 2010)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance of an admixture for shotcrete in the field varies with the composition of the hydraulic cement and sand combination. Since this test method involves the determination of time of setting of a particular combination of hydraulic cement, sand and an admixture, it therefore provides information on the suitability for use of that particular combination in the field.
The time of setting of the combination established in the laboratory does not necessarily indicate the time of setting this combination will produce in actual shotcreting in the field.
This method is used to determine the effect on time of setting of mortars containing admixtures as compared to a control mortar.
The test method is used for comparison in laboratory pre–evaluation studies to demonstrate the effect of shotcrete admixtures in mortar compared with plain mortar and can be used to demonstrate or compare the performance of shotcrete admixtures which produce rapid setting or rapid rheological stiffening of shotcrete.
The test method is used to evaluate the relative performance of more than one shotcrete admixture for comparison of performance.  
The test method is used to determine or verify that no adverse effects on setting time may be experienced with the use of admixtures that are not intended to accelerate or are used to produce stiffening of shotcrete mixtures.
Although specific environmental conditions are indicated, the testing environment can be varied to simulate the performance of admixtures in mortars at different temperatures. Such variations are reported as indicated in Section 11.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a laboratory test method that covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic-cement mortars containing additives for shotcrete for comparison with control mixes containing no additives or to compare the performance of shotcrete mixtures which contain additives that produce rapid setting or rapid stiffening of shotcrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) are the standard.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This is a laboratory test method that covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic–cement mortars containing additives for shotcrete for comparison with control mixes containing no additives or to compare the performance of shotcrete mixtures which contain additives that produce rapid setting or rapid stiffening of shotcrete.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, this practice was withdrawn in June 2010 due to a lack of data for the development of a precision and bias statement. Efforts to generate the required data have not been successful.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Jun-2010
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.46 - Shotcrete

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1398-98e1 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Time Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Containing Additives for Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore Needles
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1398–07
Standard Test Method for
The Laboratory Determination of the Time of Setting of
Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Containing Additives for
1
Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore Needles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
1.1 This is a laboratory test method that covers the deter-
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
mination of the time of setting of hydraulic–cement mortars
C1141 Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete
containing additives for shotcrete for comparison with control
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
mixes containing no additives or to compare the performance
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
of shotcrete mixtures which contain additives that produce
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
rapid setting or rapid stiffening of shotcrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units (see IEEE/ASTM SI
3. Terminology
10IEEE/ASTM SI 10) are the standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
to Terminology C125.
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
4. Summary of Test Method
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4.1 A mortar consisting of the sand, hydraulic cement, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water to be tested is proportioned by mass. The appropriate
2. Referenced Documents admixture or admixtures are added and a specimen is prepared
2 from the mortar and tested for time of setting by means of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Gillmore initial and final needles.Atime of setting determina-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
tion is then made for initial and final time of setting for each
gregates
specimen. The time of setting shall be compared to a treated
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
control mixture to demonstrate the effect of the admixture if
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
such a comparison is the purpose of the study.
Mortar
C266 TestMethodforTimeofSettingofHydraulic-Cement
5. Significance and Use
Paste by Gillmore Needles
5.1 The performance of an admixture for shotcrete in the
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
field varies with the composition of the hydraulic cement and
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
sand combination. Since this test method involves the deter-
C490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
mination of time of setting of a particular combination of
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
hydraulic cement, sand and an admixture, it therefore provides
Concrete
information on the suitability for use of that particular combi-
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
nation in the field.
5.2 The time of setting of the combination established in the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete laboratory does not necessarily indicate the time of setting this
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.46on
combination will produce in actual shotcreting in the field.
Shotcrete.
5.3 This method is used to determine the effect on time of
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
´1
setting of mortars containing admixtures as compared to a
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C1398-98 . DOI:
10.1520/C1398-07.
control mortar.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 The test method is used for comparison in laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
pre–evaluation studies to demonstrate the effect of shotcrete
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. admixtures in mortar compared with plain mortar and can be
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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C1398–07
used to demonstrate or compare the performance of shotcrete 9.2.1 Mortar with non–liquid—Proportion the sand and
admixtures which produce rapid setting or rapid rheological cement as in 9.1. Add
...