ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2
1.5 This...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1753/C1753M −21a
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1753/C1753M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
1. Scope*
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged
2
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for
exposure.
evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
including those containing chemical admixtures, various
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
supplementarycementitiousmaterials(SCMs),andotherfinely
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specimen.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained
2. Referenced Documents
during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calori-
3
metric measurements as a function of time can be used to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property
C39/C39MTest Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal
drical Concrete Specimens
conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
orsemi-adiabaticconditions.Thispracticecannotbedescribed
gregates
as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or
C172/C172MPractice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to
crete
hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the appli-
Specimens in the Laboratory
cation of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.
C219Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
ganic Cements
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
C305Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
C403/C403MTest Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
conformancewiththestandard.SomevalueshaveonlySIunits
Concrete
because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
C1005Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
DeterminingMassandVolumeforUseinPhysicalTesting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Hydraulic Cements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C1679Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hy-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
draulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorim-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
etry
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.48on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C1753/C1753M–21. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1753_C1753M-21A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1753/C1753M−21a
3. Terminology mixture p
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1753/C1753M − 21 C1753/C1753M − 21a
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1753/C1753M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic
cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary
cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric
measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development.
Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic
conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved
from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered
in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound
equivalents are not used in practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
NOTE 1—Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.48 on
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021Dec. 1, 2021. Published October 2021January 2022. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 20152021 as
ɛ1
C1753/C1753M–15–21. . DOI: 10.1520/C1753_C1753M-21.10.1520/C1753_C1753M-21A.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1753/C1753M − 21a
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C1005 Specification for Ref
...
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