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ASTM B77-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys

Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this method is to determine the suitability of different metals for use in resistance apparatus in which a low thermoelectric power is desired. As most electric circuits are largely composed of copper, the thermoelectric power of a resistance metal will generally be measured against copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermoelectric power of a metal or alloy with respect to copper when the temperatures of the junctions lie between 0 and 100C.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the preferred unit. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
77.120.01 - Non-ferrous metals in general
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.10 - Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B77-81(2001) - Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM B77-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM B267-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Wire for Use In Wire-Wound Resistors
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM B77-07 - Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance AlloysASTM B77-07 - Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys
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ASTM B77-07 - Standard Test Method for Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B77 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Thermoelectric Power of Electrical-Resistance Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B77; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
t' = the higher temperature at one junction, °C, and
t = the lower temperature at the other junction, °C.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ther-
moelectric power of a metal or alloy with respect to copper
4. Significance and Use
when the temperatures of the junctions lie between 0 and
100°C.
4.1 The purpose of this method is to determine the suitabil-
ity of different metals for use in resistance apparatus in which
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the preferred
a low thermoelectric power is desired.As most electric circuits
unit. The values in parentheses are for information only.
are largely composed of copper, the thermoelectric power of a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resistance metal will generally be measured against copper.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
5. Test Specimen
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
5.1 The metal or alloy to be tested shall be in the form of
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material
sheet, ribbon, or wire and the test specimen shall be of such
as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate
length that the two ends can be readily maintained at different
safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of
temperatures. At each end of the specimen a copper lead of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
convenient size shall be fastened. These leads shall make good
2. Referenced Documents
electrical contact with the specimen, such as that obtained by
2
welding, brazing, or soldering. Slight impurities in the copper
2.1 ASTM Standards:
have a negligible effect on the thermoelectric power.
B3 Specification for Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
NOTE 1—When necessary to specify the quality of the copper leads,
3. Terminology
reference should be made to Specification B3.
3.1 thermoelectric power, Q, n—the electromotive force in
an electric circuit consisting of two metals when the junctions
6. Procedure
between them have a difference in temperature of 1°C.
6.1 Measurement of Temperature—As a matter of
3.1.1 Discussion—Experimentally, it has been found that
precaution, the average temperature used in determining the
the thermoelectric power of two metals is not a constant but
thermoelectric power shall be approximately the same as that
depends on the mean temperature of the junctions. However,
to which the material will be subjected in practice, and in no
over a range of temperature from 0 to 100°C it is usually
case shall the temperature difference between the two junctions
sufficient to assume that the thermoelectric power is indepen-
be less than 20°C. The temperature at each of two junctions
dent of temperature so that for this range of temperature:
shall be measured by a device that is sufficiently accurate to
Q 5 E/~t'2t!
determine the temperature difference within 5 %.Aconvenient
method for determining the temperatures of the junctions is to
where:
immerse each junction in separate oil baths maintained at the
E = the electromotive force developed in the circuit,
desired temperatures. Baths that are stirred and the tempera-
tures of which are thermostatically controlled are to be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
preferred. However, beakers of oil which are supported by
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
blocks of metal, sand baths, or other means may be used,
B02.10 on Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials.
provided the thermal capacity of these assemblies is such that
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
whentheheatiscutofftheirtemperatureswilldecreaseatrates
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B77 – 81 (2001). DOI:
10.1520/B0077-07.
less than 0.2°C/min. The temperature of the oil in each bath
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
may be determined by a calibrated temperature measuring
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
device of suitable precision and accuracy. If the oil is not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stirred, the junctions shall be placed in close proxi
...

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