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ASTM E3012-16

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes

Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides manufacturers a systematic approach for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes utilizing formal representations.
Note 1: A UMP is formally represented using languages such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Unified Modeling Language (UML), or Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to facilitate data exchange, computability, sharing, and communication with other manufacturing and analysis applications. These capabilities support manufacturers in evaluating, documenting, and improving performance.  
4.2 This guide provides the required structure and formalism to ensure consistency in characterizing manufacturing processes in a computer-interpretable way enabling effective communication, computational analytics, and exchange of performance information.
Note 2: This guide will promote new tool development that can link manufacturing information and analytics for calculating the desired environmental performance measures.  
4.3 The guide supports the development of tools to improve decision support capabilities while facilitating the development and extension of standardized data and information bases such as Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) (ISO 14040 series).
Note 3: Data collected within manufacturing enterprises can be used to build enterprise-or-sector-specific databases that complement or extend LCI databases (ULE 880). This approach will improve the relevancy and completeness of the data while retaining key links to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides manufacturers an approach to characterize any category of manufacturing process and to systematically capture and describe relevant environmental information.  
1.2 This guide defines a Process Characterization Methodology that uses graphical and formal representations to support the construction of unit manufacturing process (UMP) information models for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes.  
1.3 This guide defines the graphical UMP information model as being comprised of four elements (input, output, product and process information, and resources) that supports manufacturers in systematically identifying, collecting, structuring, and visualizing manufacturing information.  
1.4 This guide defines the formal representation of the UMP information model through the use of a modeling method and language that can effectively convey the meaning and intent of processes they characterize.  
1.5 This guide provides the necessary structure and formality for identifying and capturing key information needs to assess manufacturing performance, yet provides no details about an actual assessment of the process performance.  
1.6 This guide provides an approach to link individual UMP information models together to create a network or system of UMP models that extends the characterization of environmental aspects beyond an individual process to a production system or the product itself.  
1.7 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14044) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards.  
1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the security issues and the risks associated with manufacturing information. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to follow practices and establish appropriate information technology related security measures.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Feb-2016
ICS
03.100.01 - Company organization and management in general
Technical Committee
E60 - Sustainability
Drafting Committee
E60.13 - Sustainable Manufacturing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM E3096-18 - Standard Guide for Definition, Selection, and Organization of Key Performance Indicators for Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2016

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ASTM E3012-16 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing ProcessesASTM E3012-16 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes
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ASTM E3012-16 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3012 − 16
Standard Guide for
Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing
1
Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the security
issues and the risks associated with manufacturing informa-
1.1 This guide provides manufacturers an approach to
tion. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to follow
characterize any category of manufacturing process and to
practices and establish appropriate information technology
systematically capture and describe relevant environmental
related security measures.
information.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This guide defines a Process Characterization Method-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ology that uses graphical and formal representations to support
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the construction of unit manufacturing process (UMP) infor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mation models for characterizing the environmental aspects of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
manufacturing processes.
1.3 This guide defines the graphical UMP information
2. Referenced Documents
model as being comprised of four elements (input, output,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
product and process information, and resources) that supports
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
manufacturers in systematically identifying, collecting,
mance of Buildings
structuring, and visualizing manufacturing information.
E2986 Guide for Evaluation of Environmental Aspects of
1.4 This guide defines the formal representation of the UMP
Sustainability of Manufacturing Processes
information model through the use of a modeling method and
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
language that can effectively convey the meaning and intent of
ISO 22400-1:2014 Automation systems and integration—
processes they characterize.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing
1.5 This guide provides the necessary structure and formal-
operations management; Part 1: Overview, concepts, and
ity for identifying and capturing key information needs to
terminology
assess manufacturing performance, yet provides no details
ISO 14040 Environmental management—Life cycle assess-
about an actual assessment of the process performance.
ment—Principles and framework
ISO 14044 Environmental management—Life cycle assess-
1.6 This guide provides an approach to link individual UMP
ment—Requirements and guidelines
information models together to create a network or system of
ISO 55000:2014 Asset management—Overview, principles
UMP models that extends the characterization of environmen-
and terminology
talaspectsbeyondanindividualprocesstoaproductionsystem
ISO 55001:2014 Asset management—Management systems
or the product itself.
—Requirements
1.7 This guide may be used to complement other standards
4
2.3 UL Standard:
that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This
ULE 880 Sustainability for Manufacturing Organizations
guide most closely relates to the inventory component as
discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14044) standards, and
resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series
(ISO 55001) standards. 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.13 on Sustainable Manufac- Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
turing. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
4
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
E3012-16. WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3012 − 16
2.4 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): 5. Unit Manufacturing Process Representation
eXtensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Recommenda-
5.1 The UMP representation utilizes graphical and formal
5
tion
methods in constructing UMP information models for charac-
6
...

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Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a systematic approach for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes based on well-established formal languages.
Note 1: In computer science, a formal language is a language designed for use in situations in which natural language is unsuitable as, for example, in mathematics, logic, or computer programming. The symbols and formulas of such languages stand in precisely specified syntactic and semantic relations to one another. Formal representations are derived from formal languages.
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4.2 This guide provides the structure and formalism to ensure consistency in characterizing manufacturing processes in a computer-interpretable way, thus enabling effective communication, computational analytics, and exchange of performance information.  
4.3 Fig. 1 shows how this guide is used to transition manufacturing resources, such as industrial robots, machine tools, and auxiliary devices, from the phycical world to the digital world through graphical and formal representations. In doing so, required information to perform engineering analysis, such as optimization, simulation, and life cycle assessment, is characterized in a manner that is complete, standardized, and efficient.
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides an approach to characterize any category of manufacturing process and to systematically capture and describe relevant environmental information.  
1.2 This guide defines the conceptual model of a unit manufacturing process (UMP) from which a formal representation can be specified.  
1.3 This guide defines the graphical representation of a UMP model that supports the systematic structuring and visualizing of manufacturing information.  
1.4 This guide defines a process characterization methodology to construct UMP models that characterize the environmental aspects of the manufacturing processes under study.  
1.5 This guide provides the necessary structure and formality for identifying and capturing key information needed to assess manufacturing performance, yet provides no details about an actual assessment of the process performance.  
1.6 This guide provides the conceptual definition for a system composed of multiple UMPs to represent a production system.  
1.7 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14044) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards.  
1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the security issues and the risks associated with manufacturing information. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to follow practices and establish appropriate information technology related security measures.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed...

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2.1 The terminology included in this standard is intended to provide definitions for sustainable manufacturing terms. This standard is intended to be referenced by other sustainable manufacturing standards.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a reference to the manufacturing community for the evaluation of environmental sustainability aspects of manufacturing processes. This guide is intended to improve efficiencies and consistencies of informal methods by providing procedures for consistent evaluations of manufacturing processes.  
4.2 This guide describes a procedure to identify parameters and models for evaluating sustainability metrics for a particular process. Users of this guide will benefit from insight into the sustainability implications of selected processes as well as the contributing factors.
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1.1 This guide provides guidance to develop manufacturer-specific procedures for evaluating the environmental sustainability performance of manufacturing processes. This guide introduces decision support methods that can be used to improve sustainability performance.  
1.2 The scope of this guide is constrained by the manufacturing phase of the life cycle. The guide addresses specifics related to the processes and procedures within this phase.  
1.3 This guide will allow manufacturers to make effective evaluations during plant and enterprise-wide decision-making within the manufacturing phase.  
1.4 This guide focuses on environmental sustainability impacts, though social and economic impacts are not explicitly excluded.  
1.5 This guide addresses:  
1.5.1 Setting boundaries for the evaluation of environmental sustainability of a process or processes,  
1.5.2 Identifying the process and equipment-related parameters necessary for environmental sustainability-driven process evaluation,  
1.5.3 Creating process models using these parameters,  
1.5.4 Utilizing process models to support consistent evaluations and sustainability-driven decision-making in a manufacturing enterprise.
Note 1: See ULE 880 for additional guidance at enterprise-level decision-making.  
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5.1 This guide provides a method for evaluating investments in terms of their financial merits and environmental merits. This guide can be used to answer whether an investment is both economical and environmentally sustainable or if there is a tradeoff between the environmental aspects of manufacturing and profitability. In the event that there are tradeoffs, this guide provides methods for evaluating those tradeoffs.  
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1.1 This guide covers techniques for evaluating manufacturing investments from the perspective of environmentally sustainable manufacturing by pairing economic methods of investment analysis with environmental aspect of manufacturing, including manufacturing processes.  
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Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a systematic approach for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes based on well-established formal languages.
Note 1: In computer science, a formal language is a language designed for use in situations in which natural language is unsuitable as, for example, in mathematics, logic, or computer programming. The symbols and formulas of such languages stand in precisely specified syntactic and semantic relations to one another. Formal representations are derived from formal languages.
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4.2 This guide provides the structure and formalism to ensure consistency in characterizing manufacturing processes in a computer-interpretable way, thus enabling effective communication, computational analytics, and exchange of performance information.  
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FIG. 1 Overview of Significance and Use of this Guide
UMPs store digital representations of physical manufacturing assets and systems to enable engineering analysis, for example, optimization, simulation, and life cycle assessments.
Note 3: This guide will promot...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides an approach to characterize any category of manufacturing process and to systematically capture and describe relevant environmental information.  
1.2 This guide defines the conceptual model of a unit manufacturing process (UMP) from which a formal representation can be specified.  
1.3 This guide defines the graphical representation of a UMP model that supports the systematic structuring and visualizing of manufacturing information.  
1.4 This guide defines a process characterization methodology to construct UMP models that characterize the environmental aspects of the manufacturing processes under study.  
1.5 This guide provides the necessary structure and formality for identifying and capturing key information needed to assess manufacturing performance, yet provides no details about an actual assessment of the process performance.  
1.6 This guide provides the conceptual definition for a system composed of multiple UMPs to represent a production system.  
1.7 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14044) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards.  
1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the security issues and the risks associated with manufacturing information. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to follow practices and establish appropriate information technology related security measures.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed...

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Standard Guide for Evaluation of Environmental Aspects of Sustainability of Manufacturing Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a reference to the manufacturing community for the evaluation of environmental sustainability aspects of manufacturing processes. This guide is intended to improve efficiencies and consistencies of informal methods by providing procedures for consistent evaluations of manufacturing processes.  
4.2 This guide describes a procedure to identify parameters and models for evaluating sustainability metrics for a particular process. Users of this guide will benefit from insight into the sustainability implications of selected processes as well as the contributing factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance to develop manufacturer-specific procedures for evaluating the environmental sustainability performance of manufacturing processes. This guide introduces decision support methods that can be used to improve sustainability performance.  
1.2 The scope of this guide is constrained by the manufacturing phase of the life cycle. The guide addresses specifics related to the processes and procedures within this phase.  
1.3 This guide will allow manufacturers to make effective evaluations during plant and enterprise-wide decision-making within the manufacturing phase.  
1.4 This guide focuses on environmental sustainability impacts, though social and economic impacts are not explicitly excluded.  
1.5 This guide addresses:  
1.5.1 Setting boundaries for the evaluation of environmental sustainability of a process or processes,  
1.5.2 Identifying the process and equipment-related parameters necessary for environmental sustainability-driven process evaluation,  
1.5.3 Creating process models using these parameters,  
1.5.4 Utilizing process models to support consistent evaluations and sustainability-driven decision-making in a manufacturing enterprise.
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1.6 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) standards, efficiency as discussed in the ISO 50000 series (ISO 50001) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards.  
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1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The terminology included in this standard is intended to provide definitions for sustainable manufacturing terms. This standard is intended to be referenced by other sustainable manufacturing standards.  
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2.3 Terms having application only within a specific standard, or having meaning unique to the context of that standard, are defined or explained in the terminology section of the individual standard, and are not included here.
SCOPE
1.1 The standard includes terminology applicable to sustainable manufacturing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The intent of these principles is to provide a useful hierarchical arrangement of the breadth of asset types.  
4.2 This hierarchy is independent of the legal ownership of the assets under consideration.  
4.3 Cost or financial treatment of assets is not relevant to this hierarchy.  
4.3.1 Positive and negative value contributions of assets are relevant to mission success.  
4.4 Value contribution to the mission success of the organization of the assets is relevant.  
4.5 Asset hierarchies or models based on other asset attributes may be useful as well.  
4.6 Understanding the breadth of assets allows organizations to give full consideration of the contribution of assets to the mission success of the organization.  
4.6.1 As an example, when a trucking company considers its assets, the trucks, trailers, and related equipment are an obvious starting point. Real property used to stage, store, load, unload, maintain, and perform other mission-related tasks follows. Administrative space (real property) and equipment (personal property) supporting the organizational mission are included, regardless of ownership. Management control systems, networks, software, knowledge, and perceptions are non-physical assets contributing value in support of mission objectives. As with all assets discussed in this example, ownership of the assets is an important consideration, but a consideration that is not relevant to understanding all the assets that contribute to mission success. In that light, the public roads and bridges carrying the trucks to their destinations and back are clearly assets essential to mission success. Air and water are essential to operation of the trucking equipment, and to the staff supporting the mission, and therefore are assets of the organization.  
4.7 It is likely that many or most organizations have assets from every classification at every level of this hierarchy.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a useful hierarchical arrangement of the breadth of asset types.  
1.2 This taxonomy is based on the innate characteristics of the asset, not on the asset's use, cost, owner, or other factors.  
1.3 Biological life forms are excluded.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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