ASTM D6087-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides information on the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destructive procedures.
A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring. Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and of limited accuracy. Consequently, radar provides a mechanism to rapidly survey bridges in an efficient, non-destructive manner.
Information on the condition of asphalt-covered concrete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck condition for maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effective information necessary for rehabilitation contracts.
Ground penetrating radar is currently the only non-destructive method that can evaluate bridge deck condition on bridge decks containing an asphalt overlay.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforcing bar.
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion is initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients.
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ions to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated concrete.
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of electromagnetic waves, since the wave impedances for metals are zero.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .
1.5 A precision and b...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6087–07
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using
1
Ground Penetrating Radar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but
also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated
1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation proce-
concrete.
dures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating
bridgedecksoverlaidwithasphalticconcretewearingsurfaces.
bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter
Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence
of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic
of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the
protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or
top layer of reinforcing bar.
for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by
(that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect
the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition
reflectors of electromagnetic waves, since the wave imped-
of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is
ances for metals are zero.
that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Corrosion is initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid
information only.
climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
contained in the mix ingredients.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or just above the level of the reinforcement.The fracture plane,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a
tionary statements are given in Section 5.
substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the rein-
1.6 A precision and bias statement has not been developed
forcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one
at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible
on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the
2. Summary of Test Method
delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued
2.1 The data collection equipment consists of a short-pulse
corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
ground penetrating radar device, data acquisition device, re-
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive
cording device, and data processing and interpretation equip-
chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with
ment. The user makes repeated passes with the data collection
non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-
equipment in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the
contaminatedconcreteprovidesapathwayforthechlorideions
centerline across an asphalt-covered bridge deck at specified
to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of
locations. Bridge deck condition is quantified based on the data
particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to
obtained.
3. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
3.1 This test method provides information on the condition
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete
Bridges and Structures.
without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destruc-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 6087 - 05. tive procedures.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6087–07
3.2 A systematic approach to bridge deck
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.