ASTM D3877-02

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
From these tests the relative expansive potential of soil-lime mixtures containing varying amounts of lime can be evaluated. From such an evaluation, the amount of lime required to reduce expansion to acceptable levels can be determined. The data can then be used for the design and specification requirements for structural fill and subgrade fill where expansive soils are encountered and it is desired to give a certain degree of expansion-shrinkage control to structure foundations and road subgrades. The tests will also show if the specific soils are amenable to lime stabilization.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide procedures for conducting expansion, shrinkage, and uplift pressure tests on compacted soil-lime mixtures and can be used to determine the lime content required to achieve desired control of volume changes caused by increases or decreases of moisture.
1.2 The tests can be used to determine  (1) the magnitude of volume changes under varying load conditions, (2) the rate of volume change, and (3)the magnitude of pressure change as moisture changes of the soil-lime mixture take place. The permeability of soil-lime mixture can also, if desired, be determined at the various load conditions.
Note 1—Changes in field conditions can have major effects on the expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soils. Therefore, to the greatest extent possible, initial and anticipated future field conditions should be duplicated, particularly with respect to moisture and density.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2002
• ICS: 13.080.20 - Physical properties of soils
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3877-96 - Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D3877-08 - Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 2017)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2243-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3877–02
Standard Test Methods for
One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure
1
of Soil-Lime Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
2
by the industry)
1.1 These test methods provide procedures for conducting
2
D 427 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils
expansion, shrinkage, and uplift pressure tests on compacted
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
soil-lime mixtures and can be used to determine the lime
3
Fluids
content required to achieve desired control of volume changes
D 698 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of
caused by increases or decreases of moisture.
Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 2.49-kg (5.5 lb)
1.2 The tests can be used to determine (1) the magnitude of
3
Rammer and 305-mm (12-in.) Drop
volume changes under varying load conditions, (2) the rate of
3
D 854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
volume change, and (3) the magnitude of pressure change as
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
moisture changes of the soil-lime mixture take place. The
3
Auger Borings
permeability of soil-lime mixture can also, if desired, be
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction character-
determined at the various load conditions.
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
3 3
NOTE 1—Changes in field conditions can have major effects on the
((2,700 kN-m/m ))
expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soils. Therefore, to
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
the greatest extent possible, initial and anticipated future field conditions
3
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
should be duplicated, particularly with respect to moisture and density.
D 2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the 3
Properties of Soils
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D 3551 Method for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime
Practice D 6026 3
Mixtures Using a Mechanical Mixer
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
D 3740 Practice forAgencies Engaged in theTesting and/or
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
3
Design and Construction
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
D 4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the
standard is beyond its scope.
3
Wax Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4
cal Data
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Refer to Terminology C 51 for terms relating to lime.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.3 Refer to Terminology D 653 for terms relating to soil.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 From these tests the relative expansive potential of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
soil-lime mixtures containing varying amounts of lime can be
evaluated. From such an evaluation, the amount of lime
required to reduce expansion to acceptable levels can be
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization
2
by Admixtures. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
4
published as D 3877 – 80. Last previous edition D 3877 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3877–02
determined. The data can then be used for the design and 5.7 Glass Plates, two, to cover each consolidometer ring.
specification requirements for structural fill and subgrade fill
6. Sampling
where expansive soils are encountered and it is desired to give
6.1 Samples of natural soils for these tests may be obtained
a certain degree of expa
...