ASTM D5291-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is the first ASTM standard covering the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants.
5.2 Carbon, hydrogen, and particularly nitrogen analyses are useful in determining the complex nature of sample types covered by this test method. The CHN results can be used to estimate the processing and refining potentials and yields in the petrochemical industry.
5.3 The concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. Knowledge of its concentration can be used to predict performance. Some petroleum products also contain naturally occurring nitrogen. Knowledge of hydrogen content in samples is helpful in addressing their performance characteristics. Hydrogen to carbon ratio is useful to assess the performance of upgrading processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 % to 87 % by mass for carbon, at least 9 % to 16 % by mass for hydrogen, and
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 % by mass nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5291 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
1
Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheinstrumentaldetermination
of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of
2. Referenced Documents
petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent
2
the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as
Petroleum Products
crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were
Fuels, and Lubricants
tested in the concentration range of at least 75 % to 87 % by
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
mass for carbon, at least 9 % to 16 % by mass for hydrogen,
Petroleum Products
and <0.1 % to 2 % by mass for nitrogen.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
materials or those containing <0.75 % by mass nitrogen, or
Measurement System Performance
both, such as gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or
chemical solvents.
3. Terminology
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 % by
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer
mass nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
to Terminology D4175.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analy-
sis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate
4. Summary of Test Methods
blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
4.1 In these test methods, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass %
aredeterminedconcurrentlyinasingleinstrumentalprocedure.
carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
With some systems, the procedure consists of simply weighing
a portion of the sample, placing the portion in the instrument,
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and initiating the (subsequently automatic) analytical process.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
In other systems, the analytical process, to some degree, is
standard.
manually controlled.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.2 The actual process can vary substantially from instru-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ment to instrument, since a variety of means can be utilized to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- effect the primary requirements of the test methods. All
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. satisfactory processes provide for the following:
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor- 4.2.1 The conversion of the subject materials (in their
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- entirety) to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and elemental
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the nitrogen, respectively, and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.2.2 The subsequent, quantitative determination of these
gases in an appropriate gas stream.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility
2
of Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5291 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5291-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5291 − 21
4,7
4.3 T
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5291 − 16 D5291 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
1
Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum
products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and
nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 mass % to 87 mass % 75 % to 87 %
by mass for carbon, at least 9 mass % to 16 mass % 9 % to 16 % by mass for hydrogen, and <0.1 mass % to 2 mass % <0.1 %
to 2 % by mass for nitrogen.
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing <0.75 <0.75 % by mass % nitrogen, or both,
such as gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or chemical solvents.
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 0.1 % by mass % nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends,
or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published October 2016December 2021. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20152016
as D5291 – 10 (2015). 16. DOI: 10.1520/D5291-16. 10.1520/D5291-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5291 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D4175.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 In these test methods, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are determined concurrently in a single instrumental procedure. With
some systems, the procedure consists of simply weighing a portion of the sample, placing the portion in the instrument, and
initiating the (subsequently automatic) analytical process. In other systems, the analytical process, to some degree, is manually
controlled.
4.2 The actual process can vary substantially from instrument to instrument, since a variety of means can be utilized to effect the
primary requirements of the test methods. All satisfactory processes provide for the following:
4.2.1 The conversion of the subject materials (in their entirety) to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and elemental nitrogen,
respectively, and
4.2.2 The subsequent, quantitative determination of these gase
...
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