ASTM D6727-01(2007)

Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging<char: emdash>Neutron

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of neutron logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard Guide D5753.
The benefits of its use include improving selection of neutron logging methods and equipment; neutron log quality and reliability; usefulness of the neutron log data for subsequent display and interpretation.
This guide applies to commonly used neutron logging methods for geotechnical applications.
It is essential that personnel (see Section 8.3.2, Standard Guide D5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the neutron technique, application, and interpretation methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is focused on the general procedures necessary to conduct neutron or neutron porosity (hereafter referred to as neutron) logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. Neutron soil moisture measurements made using neutron moisture gauges, are excluded. Neutron logging for minerals or petroleum applications is excluded, along with neutron activation logs where gamma spectral detectors are used to characterize the induced gamma activity of minerals exposed to neutron radiation.
1.2 This guide defines a neutron log as a record of the rate at which thermal and epithermal neutrons are scattered back to one or more detectors located on a probe adjacent to a neutron source.
1.2.1 Induction logs are treated quantitatively and should be interpreted with other logs and data whenever possible.
1.2.2 Neutron logs are commonly used to: (1) delineate lithology, and (2) indicate the water-filled porosity of formations (see Fig. 1).
1.3 This guide is restricted to neutron logging with nuclear counters consisting of scintillation detectors (crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes), or to He3-tube detectors with or without Cd foil covers or coatings to exclude thermalized neutrons.
1.4 This guide provides an overview of neutron logging including: (1) general procedures; (2) specific documentation; (3) calibration and standardization, and (4) log quality and interpretation.
1.5 To obtain additional information on neutron logs see References section in this guide.
1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard Guide D5753.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for neutron logging and does not replace education, experience, and professional judgment. Neutron logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The neutron log is typically recorded in units of counts per second (cps) or in percent porosity.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. The use of radioactive sources in neutron logging introduces significant safety issues related to the transportation and handling of neutron sources, and in procedures to insure that sources are not lost or damaged d...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2007
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.01 - Surface and Subsurface Investigation

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6727-01 - Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging-Neutron
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM D6727/D6727M-16 - Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging&#x2014;Neutron
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6727 − 01(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging—Neutron
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6727; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
1.1 This guide is focused on the general procedures neces-
of action. This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for
sary to conduct neutron or neutron porosity (hereafter referred
neutron logging and does not replace education, experience,
to as neutron) logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes,
and professional judgment. Neutron logging procedures should
caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as
be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and
commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater and
stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not
environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investi-
suppressed. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in
gations. Neutron soil moisture measurements made using
all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
neutron moisture gauges, are excluded. Neutron logging for
representorreplacethestandardofcarebywhichtheadequacy
minerals or petroleum applications is excluded, along with
of a given professional service must be judged without
neutron activation logs where gamma spectral detectors are
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word
used to characterize the induced gamma activity of minerals
standard in the title of this document means that the document
exposed to neutron radiation.
has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 This guide defines a neutron log as a record of the rate
1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The
at which thermal and epithermal neutrons are scattered back to
neutron log is typically recorded in units of counts per second
one or more detectors located on a probe adjacent to a neutron
(cps) or in percent porosity.
source.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2.1 Induction logs are treated quantitatively and should be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
interpreted with other logs and data whenever possible.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2.2 Neutron logs are commonly used to: (1) delineate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lithology, and (2) indicate the water-filled porosity of forma-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. The use of
tions (see Fig. 1).
radioactive sources in neutron logging introduces significant
1.3 This guide is restricted to neutron logging with nuclear
safety issues related to the transportation and handling of
counters consisting of scintillation detectors (crystals coupled
neutron sources, and in procedures to insure that sources are
3
with photomultiplier tubes), or to He -tube detectors with or
not lost or damaged during logging. There are different
without Cd foil covers or coatings to exclude thermalized
restrictions on the use of radioactive sources in logging in
neutrons.
different states, and the Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NRC)
1.4 This guide provides an overview of neutron logging
maintains strict rules and regulations for the licensing of
including: (1) general procedures; (2) specific documentation;
personnel authorized to conduct nuclear source logging.
(3 ) calibration and standardization, and (4) log quality and
interpretation. 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.5 To obtain additional information on neutron logs see 2.1 ASTM Standards:
References section in this guide. D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
3
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Guide D5753.
Fluids
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Characterization. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6727 – 01. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is refe
...