ASTM C794-93

Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2001
• ICS: 83.060 - Rubber
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• Technical Committee: C24 - Building Seals and Sealants

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C794-01 - Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1481-12(2017) - Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants with Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C920-18 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1249-18(2023) - Standard Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed Insulating Glass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1021-08(2023) - Standard Practice for Laboratories Engaged in Testing of Building Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2112-23 - Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1472-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1399/E1399M-97(2022) - Standard Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1521-19(2020) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Adhesion of Installed Weatherproofing Sealant Joints
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E3223/E3223M-20 - Standard Guide for Specifying and Testing Field-Constructed Exterior Building Wall System Mockups in New Construction
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1193-16(2023) - Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1564-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for Protective Glazing Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1184-23 - Standard Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1401-23 - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 794 – 93
Standard Test Method for
Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the embedded cloth is peeled back from the substrate at 180°,
and measuring the force exerted as well as the nature of the
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for
separation of the sealant from the substrate.
determining the strength and characteristics of the peel prop-
erties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or
5. Significance and Use
multicomponent, for use in building construction.
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned
1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded
with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
test is intended to simulate the conditions encountered by a
for information only.
sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, since it represents a test to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
destruction, the value of the test denotes the ability of the cured
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/
2. Referenced Documents primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus and Materials
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
6.1 Testing Machine with tension grips capable of pulling at
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
3 the rate of separation of 51 mm (2 in.)/min, and having a chart
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
indicator calibrated in 0.45-kg (1-lb) units.
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
4 6.2 Standard Substrates:
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
6.2.1 Aluminum Alloy, Type 6063-T5 or 6061-T6, with a
G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
clear anodized finish of not less than 0.0075-mm (0.3-mil)
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
thickness over a scale-free finish; 2 pieces, 152 by 76 by 6.3
of Nonmetallic Materials
mm (6 by 3 by ⁄4 in.).
3. Terminology 6.2.2 Mortar Slabs, prepare two cement mortar slabs, each
152 by 76 by 9.5 mm (6 by 3 by ⁄8 in.) in size, using one part
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology C 717 for applicable
of high early strength portland cement conforming to Type III
definitions of the following terms: cure, elastomeric, joint,
of Specification C 150 for Portland Cement, to two parts by
primer, sealant, and substrate.
weight of clean, uniformly graded, concrete fine aggregate
4. Summary of Test Method
(sand) conforming to Specification C 33, for Concrete Aggre-
gates. Use sufficient water to produce a flow of 100 6 5 when
4.1 This test method consists of preparing test specimens by
tested in accordance with the procedure for the determination
embedding a strip of cloth in a thin layer of the sealant being
of consistency of cement mortar described in Test Method
tested, on several substrate materials, curing these specimens
C 109. After curing 1 day in moist air and 6 days in saturated
for a certain length of time under specified conditions, then
lime water at 23 6 2°C (73 6 3°F), prepare the surface of 152
placing them in a tension-testing machine in such a way that
by 76 mm (6 by 3 in.) of each slab by wet grinding either with
a belt sander using No. 60 aluminum carbide sanding belt or
using an iron lap with No. 60 silicon carbide (or aluminum
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-24 on
oxide) grain until the aggregate is uniformly exposed. Return
Building Seals and Sealants, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C24.32 on Chemically Curing Sealants.
the slabs to saturated lime water storage until needed.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1993. Published January 1994. Originally
6.2.2.1 Slabs may be prepared and shipped to other loca-
published as C 794 – 75. Last previous edition C 794 – 92.
2 tions for use. The slabs may be shipped dry and shall be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
returned to lime water storage on arrival until needed.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
6.2.2.2 Prior to use, wet grind the previously ground surface
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 794
to remove any laitance, rinse thoroughly under running tap 7.1.5 Spread a portion of the conditioned compound, after
water, and dry the slabs overnight at 105 to 110°C (220 to being mixed thoroughly for 5 min (if multicomponent), over
230°F). Clean the slabs by vigorous brushing with a stiff- the 102 by 76-mm (4 by 3-in.) area, which includes the
bristled fiber brush to remove any film or powder. Condition masking tape, to a depth slightly more than 1.6 mm ( ⁄16 in.), as
the slabs at standard conditions for not less than 1 day and not shown in Fig. 1B.
more than 7 days. 7.1.6 Smear one piece of cloth with the compound at one
6.2.3 Plate Glass, polished, clear, 152 by 76 by 6.3 mm (6 end over an area of 102 by 76 mm (4 by 3 in.), forcing it into
by3by ⁄4 in.). both sides of the cloth with a putty knife until the sealant has
thoroughly penetrated the cloth.
NOTE 1—Because of the fact that adhesive properties of a joint sealant
7.1.7 Lay the impregnated cloth over the layer of compound
are related to the nature of the substrate, it is strongly recommended that
and place the spacer bars of proper thickness (see 6.3) on each
whenever possible the peel test be made with the substrates that are to be
used in the building under consideration in addition to or in place of the side of the specimen.
specified substrates described in 6.2.1, 6.2.2, and 6.2.3. Such substrates
7.1.8 Place a 1.6-mm ( ⁄16-in.) metal rod lengthwise on top
include brick, marble, limestone, granite, stainless steel, plastic, quarry 1
of each spacer strip and squeegee the compound to 1.6 mm ( ⁄16
tile, and others. For practical reasons the specimen dimensions may be
in.) thick by rolling the glass rod over the metal rods (starting
changed from the standard sizes provided the thickness of the sealant
from the taped end), and simultaneously pressing on the cloth
remains as specified.
and sealant beneath it. Trim off the excess amount that is
6.3 Spacer Strips, four, of hard wood, metal, or glass as
squeezed out (Fig. 1C).
follows: two 152 by 76 by 6.3 mm (6 by 3 by ⁄4 in.) for
7.1.9 Cure the specimens containing multicomponent com-
preparing the test specimens on aluminum and glass, and two
pounds 14 days at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F). Cure those
of the same length and width but 9.3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) thick for
containing single component compounds 21 days as follows
prepar
...