ASTM D5907-18

Standard Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water and wastewater, and in monitoring of streams.  
4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide a matrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair respiration of organisms. These solids may create nuisance slime beds and odors while imposing a long-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.  
4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading can aid in determining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such information may also be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment. Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costs money.  
4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Stream improvements, water pollution monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasons streams are monitored.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, total suspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of the determination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filterable matter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 µg/g. Section 20 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods.  
1.2 Since the results measured by these test methods are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to following the procedure as specified.  
1.3 The test method for the determination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were collected from open channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977.  
1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Test Method A:
Filterable Matter (TDS) and
Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L  
Sections 10 – 14  
Test Method B:
Total Dissolved Solids
High Precision Method, µg/g  
Sections 15 – 19  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2018
• ICS: 13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1129-13(2020)e2 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM E898-20 - Standard Practice for Calibration of Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D3977-97(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4411-03(2019) - Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4411-03(2014) - Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2014
• Refers: ASTM D4411-03(2014)e1 - Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2014
• Refers: ASTM E898-88(2013) - Standard Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and Balances
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM D3977-97(2013) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM D5905-98(2013) - Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM D2777-12 - Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2012
• Refers: ASTM D3856-11 - Standard Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM D3370-10 - Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Refers: ASTM D1129-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Refers: ASTM E319-85(2008) - Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical Balances
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Refers: ASTM D3370-08 - Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Overview

ASTM D5907-18, titled "Standard Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water," provides standardized procedures to determine the concentration of solids in various water matrices. These test methods are vital for assessing both filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS) in sources like drinking water, surface water, saline waters, and domestic and industrial waste streams. A correct understanding of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids is crucial in water treatment processes, environmental monitoring, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Key Topics

• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Measured as the amount of filterable matter, representing solids that pass through a standard glass fiber filter and remain after evaporation and drying at 180°C.
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Refers to nonfilterable matter retained on a glass fiber filter and dried at 103 to 105°C, indicating particulate contamination in water.
• Test Methods:
  • Test Method A: Measures both TDS and TSS in mg/L, applicable across a broad range of matrices.
  • Test Method B: A high-precision approach for TDS, reporting results in µg/g, suitable for applications requiring enhanced accuracy.
• Quality Control: Emphasizes strict adherence to procedures and regular calibration for analytical balances, as well as quality assurance checks through laboratory control samples and blanks.
• Practical Ranges:
  • TDS: 10 mg/L to 150,000 µg/g
  • TSS: 4 to 20,000 mg/L

Applications

The ASTM D5907-18 standard is widely applied in:

• Water and Wastewater Treatment: Determining solids content aids in optimizing processes for drinking water purification and wastewater remediation. Accurate TDS and TSS measurement informs plant operators about the appropriate treatment type and dosage, preventing undertreatment or unnecessary expense.
• Regulatory Compliance: Environmental agencies use TDS and TSS data to monitor discharges and assess compliance with permits. Consistent measurement ensures that water sources meet legal and safety standards.
• Environmental Impact Assessment: Evaluating suspended and dissolved solids supports stream health studies, pollution tracking, and ecosystem evaluations by indicating potential impacts on aquatic life, such as impaired respiration and the formation of nuisance slime beds.
• Industrial Operations: Factories and industrial facilities use these test methods to assess the quality of process water, cooling water, and effluents, managing environmental responsibilities and protecting infrastructure.

Related Standards

Several ASTM standards complement or reference the procedures and terminology in ASTM D5907-18, including:

• ASTM D1129: Terminology Relating to Water
• ASTM D1192: Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam (Withdrawn)
• ASTM D1193: Specification for Reagent Water
• ASTM D1429: Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
• ASTM D2777: Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Test Methods for Water
• ASTM D3370: Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
• ASTM D3856: Guide for Management Systems in Water Analysis Laboratories
• ASTM D3977: Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples

Practical Value

By following ASTM D5907-18, laboratories, utilities, and industry professionals gain:

• Confidence in Data Integrity: High specificity and strict QA/QC protocols minimize errors and instrument biases.
• Consistency Across Applications: Standardization ensures comparable results between facilities, labs, and regulatory agencies.
• Support for Environmental Stewardship: Reliable solids measurement aids in protecting water bodies and complying with environmental standards.

Keywords: ASTM D5907-18, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, TDS, TSS, water testing, water quality, environmental compliance, water treatment, ASTM standard

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5907 −18
Standard Test Methods for
Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable
Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter,
total suspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline
2. Referenced Documents
waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the determination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
filterable matter (TDS) is 10 mg/Lto 150 000 µg/g. Section 20
D1429TestMethodsforSpecificGravityofWaterandBrine
on Quality Control pertains to these test methods.
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.2 Since the results measured by these test methods are
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to follow-
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ing the procedure as specified.
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
Engaged in Analysis of Water
1.3 The test method for the determination of nonfilterable
D3977Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentra-
matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were
tion in Water Samples
collected from open channel flow. For the determination of
D4411Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
mattercollectedinopenchannelflowuseTestMethodsD3977.
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Test Method A: Sections10–14
D5905Practice for the Preparation of SubstituteWastewater
Filterable Matter (TDS) and
E319Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L
Balances
Test Method B: Sections15–19
E898Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading
Total Dissolved Solids
Laboratory Scales and Balances
High Precision Method, µg/g
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D1129.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 filterablematter,n—alsocommonlyreferredtoastotal
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dissolved solids (TDS).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It is that dissolved matter that is ca-
For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
pable of passing through a glass fiber filter and dried to
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
constant weight at 180°C, as determined by following the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
procedures outlined in this test method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 nonfilterable matter, n—also commonly known as
total suspended solids (TSS).
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5907–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5907-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5907−18
3.2.2.1 Discussion—It is that particulate matter that is re- filterablematter(TDS).Biologicalmaterial,suchasalgae,may
tained on a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at also prolong filtration time or plug the filter.
103 to 105°C, as determined by following the procedures
5.6 Somesamplesmaybehygroscopic,requiringprolonged
outlined in these test methods.
drying, extra careful desiccation, and rapid weighing. For
filterable matter (TDS), samples highly mineralized or high in
4. Significance and Use
bicarbonate may require careful and possibly prolonged dry-
4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable
ing.Forthebicarbonate,theextendeddryingmaybeneededto
matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water and
ensure complete conversion to carbonate.
wastewater, and in monitoring of streams.
5.7 Too much material retained on the filter may entrap
4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue
water, and may also require extended drying time for the
inreceivingwaters.Suspendedandsolublematerialsprovidea
suspended solids. For filterable matter (TDS), excessive resi-
matrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity,
due in the dish may cause the formation of a water-trapping
impair respiration of organisms. These solids may create
crust, giving elevated values.
nuisance slime beds and odors while imposing a long-term
5.8 For some users, certain biological materials, such as
biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.
algae, slimes, insects, or other small crustaceans, may be
4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is im-
considered to be positive interferences for nonfilterable matter
portant in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids
(TSS). Modifications or adjustments may be needed to gener-
loadingcanaidindeterminingthetypeoramountoftreatment,
ate a better value. An example is determining chlorophyll
or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such
content to estimate the amount of algae present. Such modifi-
information may also be used to determine acceptability of
cations may be beyond the scope of this test method.
water after treatment.Too little treatment may not be desirable
6. Apparatus
and excess treatment costs money.
6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest
4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental
0.1 mg. For the high precision total dissolved solids method,
reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Stream
the recommended balance should have a capacity of 200 g and
improvements,waterpollutionmonitoring,masswasting,algal
be capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mg.
studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasons
streams are monitored. 6.2 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature
between 103 and 105°C and between 178 and 182°C.
5. Interferences
NOTE 1—To prevent dust and sample from being blown around, it is
5.1 For some samples, chemical reactions may cause some
preferred that the oven for the particulate matter (TSS) be of a gravity
convection type. If this is not possible, samples should be shielded from
materialstochangefromonephasetoanother.Forexample,in
the forced air of mechanical convection ovens.
some groundwaters, ferrous ions may form insoluble ferric
hydroxides. Softened water high in carbonates may precipitate 6.3 Evaporating Dishes, 70-mL to 250-mL capacity, not to
calcium carbonate. In such cases, holding time may have a exceed 200 g in weight.
criticalimpactuponboththefilterableandnonfilterablematter. 4
6.4 Glass Fiber Filters, without organic binder. 47-mm
Such samples may have to be filtered in the field.
diameter filters are needed for the high precision TDS method
5.2 These test methods are not meant to include nonrepre- when field filtration is not utilized.
sentative particulates such as leaves, sticks, insects, fish, etc.
NOTE 2—Although there is no organic binder in these filters, they may
These should be removed before the analysis.
contain a wet strength resin that is partially soluble. It is therefore
important to adequately prewash the filters as prescribed.
5.3 Certain materials may be measured poorly, or not at all.
Some materials may decompose or volatilize at the required 6.5 Membrane Filter Assembly—Aborosilicate glass, stain-
temperature. Other substances, such as glycerin or sulfuric lesssteel,orplasticfunnelwithaflat,fritted,orgridbasesoas
acid, will remain liquid at the required temperature, giving to provide uniform support and filterable surface. The top
variableresults.Oilsandgreasesmaypresentsimilarproblems section of the funnel shall fit over the edge of the filter to
and can end up in either the filterable (TDS) or nonfilterable provide a seal. The top should be removable to allow easy
(TSS) portion. access for removing the filter.AGooch crucible with a fritted
bottom may be used in lieu of the funnel. A 47-mm filter
5.4 Suspendedsolidssampleshighindissolvedmatter,such
assembly is needed for the high precision TDS method when
as saline waters, brines, and some wastes, may be subject to a
field filtration is not used.
positive interference by the retention of dissolved matter, such
assaltsandsugars,onthefilter.Caremustbetakeninthefinal 6.6 Planchet or Pan, made of aluminum or stainless steel,
rinsing of the filter so as to minimize this potential interferent. capable of supporting the filter when it is not on the filter
Additional washing may be necessary. assembly.
5.5 Clogging of the filter with too fine or too much material
The balance prescribed in these test methods should be tested periodically
will prolong the filtering time and retain smaller particles that
according to Practice E319 or Test Method E898.
would normally pass through the filter, thus giving elevated
Millipore AP-40, Whatman 934-AH, Gelman type A/E, or equivalent, was
values to nonfilterable matter (TSS) and low values to the specified for the round-robin.
D5907−18
6.7 Vacuum Source. 11.1.1 Place the glass fiber filter on the membrane filter
assembly, or insert into the bottom of a suitable Gooch
7. Reagents and Materials crucible, with the wrinkled surface up. While a vacuum is
applied, wash the disc with three successive volumes of water.
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Eachvolumeofwatershouldbeequalto3mLforeachsquare
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
centimetre of filterable surface area. For standard 47-mm filter
to Type I or II of Specification D1193. Type III or IV may be
holderswith35-mmdiameterfunnels,thiswouldbe30mLfor
used if they effect no measurable change in the blank or
each wash for a total of 90 mL. Continue the vacuum until the
sample.
free water has been removed. Discard the washings.
8. Hazards
NOTE3—Properwashingisimportantforremovingloosefiberandwet
strength resins. One 90-mL wash is not as effective as three 30-mL
8.1 Care must be taken to ensure filter funnels and filtering
washes.
flasks are in a sound state.Any tiny nick, scratch, or weakness
NOTE4—Onsomefiltersitmaybedifficulttotellwhichisthewrinkled
in glass flasks or other apparatus can create a potential for an
side. Usually the opposite side has faint markings of the wire mesh used
implosion hazard. Wrapping a flask is not adequate protection to manufacture the filter mat.
in case of an implosion. It is recommended that a solid shield,
11.1.2 Skip11.1.3and11.1.4ifonlyfilterablematter(TDS)
such as a plexiglass cage, be placed around any filtering flask.
is being determined.
11.1.3 Release the vacuum and carefully remove the filter
9. Sampling
with forceps. Place the filter on a planchet, and dry in an oven
at 103 to 105°C for 1 h. Gooch crucibles with filter may be
9.1 Collect the sample in accordance with the applicable
handled without the planchet.
ASTM standard as follows: Practices D3370.
11.1.4 Removefromtheovenandplaceinadesiccatoruntil
9.1.1 Ifsamplingisrequiredfromanopenchannelflow,use
cool.Ifthedesiccationtimeexceeds12h,reheatanddesiccate
Guide D4411 and Test Methods D3977 on a separate sample
again. Weigh the filter plus planchet to the nearest 0.1 mg just
bottle to determine the sediment concentrations instead of the
beforeusing.Afterovendrying,thefiltershallbehandledonly
TSS.
withforceps,andtheplanchetorcrucibleshallbehandledonly
9.1.2 The user of these test methods is advised to use a
with forceps, tongs, or lint-free gloves.
slurry rotary sample divider to obtain reproducible aliquots of
suspended solids for the TSS determination.
11.2 Preparation of the Evaporating Dish:
11.2.1 If filterable matter (TDS) is to be determined, heat a
9.2 If the TDS concentration is shown to change as a
clean dish to 178 to 182°C in an oven for 1 h.After removing
function of time more than the repeatability measured in the
from the oven, cool in desiccator and weigh to the nearest 0.1
interlaboratory testing of the method for a particular sample
mg and record weight.
matrix, it will be necessary to filter the sample in the field and
transfer the sample volume needed for the high precision TDS
NOTE5—Thedishshouldbeassmallaspracticaltocontainthevolume
method to refrigerated sample collection bottles.
ofthesampleplustherinses.Therelativemassofthedishneedstobekept
at a minimum in order to be able to measure small mass differences with
TEST METHOD A
any accuracy. This is because of the inherent difficulties of trying to
control temperature and moisture on a large mass within the requirements
FILTERABLE MATTER (TDS) AND
of the test. For larger volumes, it may be more practical to evaporate
NONFILTERABLE MATTER (TSS)
smaller increments, refilling the dish when dry until all the sample is
transferred.
10. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 6—The dish should be made of a material that is inert to the
sample. Materials such as aluminum will oxidize when heated with many
10.1 A well-mixed sample is filtered through a weighed
liquids, increasing the mass of the pan. Glass or light weight ceramic
standard glass fiber filter.The suspended solids are retained on
material is generally preferred.
the filter, which is dried at 105°C and weighed. The increased
11.3 Determine the proper sample volume.
mass on the filter represents the nonfilterable matter (TSS).
11.3.1 Sample volume determination for nonfilterable mat-
10.2 The filtrate from 10.1 may be used to determine the
ter (TSS).
filterable matter (TDS). The filtered sample (liquid phase) is
11.3.1.1 Start with a volume of sample equal to about 10
evaporated to dryness and heated to 180°C in a tared vessel to 2
mL/cm of filterable surface area. For the standard 47-mm
a constant weight.
filter holders with 35-mm diameter funnels, this would be
about100mL.Ifthisfailstoyieldatleast2.5mgofdrysolids
11. Procedure
on the filter, increase the sample volume until that mass is
11.1 Prepare the glass fiber filters before use. attained, a volume of 1 L is reached, or the “break point” in
11.3.1.3 is reached. Do not exceed 200 mg on the filter.
11.3.1.2 For other filter sizes, maintain at least 1 mg of dry
solids per 4 cm of filterable surface area, with a minimum of
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatus(QuinnModelSS-001,forwetslurry
division)knowntothecommitteeatthistimeisQuinnProcessEquipmentCo.,3400
2.5 mg.
BrightonBlvd.,Denver,CO80216.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,please
11.3.1.3 If the filtration time exceeds 5 min, develop a
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will
“break-point”curve(see11.3.3).Thisprocessneedstobedone
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
which you may attend. only when the character of a sample is unfamiliar or changes.
D5907−18
NOTE 11—For nonfilterable matter (TSS) samples with high dissolved
11.3.2 Sample volume determination for filterable matter
solids contents, such as seawater and brine solutions, small increments of
(TDS).
extra wash water may be required. Tests such as conductivity, chloride,
11.3.2.1 Choose a sample volume to yield between 2.5 and
dissolved solids, etc. can be used to determine when there are no
200mg.Ifmorethan5minisneededforthefiltration,perform
significantdissolvedsolidsinthewashwater.Forfilterablematter(TDS),
the “break point” determination as in accordance with 11.3.3.
this generally is not a significant problem.
11.7 Afterthefilterhasbeensuckeddry,releasethevacuum
NOTE 7—If the solids are expected to be high, a known proportion of
thetotalmaterial,samplepluswashsolution,thatpassedthroughthefilter
and carefully remove the filter from the filtering apparatus and
maybeusedforthedetermination.Forexample,if200mLofsamplewas
place on the planchet, or remove the Gooch crucible from the
filtered and only 190 mL of liquid passed through the filter (with all free
crucible holder.
filterable liquid passing through, leaving 10 mL of nonfilterable solids
retained on the filter), the total volume of filtrate would be 250 mL,
11.8 Iffilterablematterisbeingdetermined,carefullytrans-
includingthewashwater.Ifa100-mLportionofthefiltratecouldbeused
fer the contents from the filtering flask into the evaporating
for the filterable solids test, the final mass of dried solids weighed would
dish(see11.2).Rinsethefilteringflaskthreetimeswithasmall
havetobedividedby0.4toaccountforthe40%proportionofthesample
portion of water and add the rinse to the evaporating dish.
used.
11.9 If nonfilterable matter (TSS) is being determined, dry
11.3.3 Break-Point Determination:
the filter at least1hat103to 105°C. The drying time should
11.3.3.1 Place filter in the filtering apparatus. For this
be long enough to ensure a constant weight. Place in a
procedure, the filter needs no preparation.Add a small, known
desiccator, cool, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg as in 11.1.3.
volume of sample that will filter rapidly and time how long it
takes to filter.
NOTE12—Thedryingtimeshouldbecheckedonnewtypesofsamples
and periodically on familiar samples to be sure that it is sufficient for the
11.3.3.2 Repeat 11.3.3.1, increasing the volume until it can
mass to be constant; that is, the difference is less than 0.5 mg, or 4% of
bedeterminedatwhatpointthefiltrationratedropsoffrapidly.
the previous weighing, whichever is greater.
11.3.3.3 Plot the time versus the volume filtered. Select the
11.10 Evaporate the liquid for the filterable matter on a
proper volume as that just short of the time that a significant
steam bath or in an oven at 103 to 105°C. After the liquid is
change in filtration rate occurs. An example of a break point
gone, dry the evaporating dish at 178 to 182°C for at least 1 h.
curve is shown in Appendix X1.
The drying time should be long enough to ensure a constant
NOTE 8—If at least 2.5 mg of material cannot be retained on the filter
weight.Placeinadesiccator,cool,andweightothenearest0.1
because of plugging, a larger diameter filtration system is suggested.
mg as in 11.1.3.
Frittedmembranestylefilterholdersrangeinsizesupto9cmindiameter.
NOTE13—Thedryingtimeshouldbecheckedonnewtypesofsamples
11.3.4 Analyze sample volumes of less than 20 mL by
and periodically on familiar samples to be sure that it is sufficient for the
diluting 100 mLto 1 Land running the diluted sample.This is
mass to be constant; that is, the difference is less than 0.5 mg, or 4% of
to assure that a representative sample is obtained. Pipetting is
the previous weighing, whichever is greater.
generally discouraged since the pipet tip can act as a filter.
11.11 With each batch of samples that are run, a blank shall
11.4 Assemble the filter apparatus with the prepared filter
be run. The blank shall be taken through the process without
(see11.1)andstartthesuction.Ifthefilterisnotsealedaround
the addition of a sample in 11.4. If a blank filter shows any
the edges by the funnel, such as in the case with a Gooch
increase in mass or a loss of greater than 0.4 mg, rerun the
crucible, wet the filter with a small volume of water to seat it
samples associated with it. If the mass of a blank evaporating
to the base or support. If filterable matter is to be determined,
dish varies by more than 60.5 mg from the initial mass, rerun
be sure the suction flask is clean.
the samples associated with it. The bl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5907 − 13 D5907 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable
Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, total
suspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of the
determination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filterable
matter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 μg/g. Section 20 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods.
1.2 Since the results measured by thisthese test methods are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to following
the procedure as specified.
1.3 This The test method for the determination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were
collected from open channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977.
1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:
Filterable Sections 10 – 14
Matter (TDS) and
Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L
Total Sections 15 – 19
Dissolved Solids
High Precision Method, μg/g
Test Method A: Sections 10 – 14
Filterable Matter (TDS) and
Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L
Test Method B: Sections 15 – 19
Total Dissolved Solids
High Precision Method, μg/g
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1429 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013May 1, 2018. Published July 2013May 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 as
D5907 – 10.D5907 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5907-13.10.1520/D5907-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5907 − 18
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water
D3977 Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
E319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical Balances
E898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and Balances
E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 filterable matter—matter, n—also commonly referred to as total dissolved solids (TDS). It is that dissolved matter that is
capable of passing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180°C, as determined by following the procedures
outlined in this test method.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
It is that dissolved matter that is capable of passing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180°C, as determined
by following the procedures outlined in this test method.
3.2.2 nonfilterable matter—matter, n—also commonly known as total suspended solids (TSS). It is that particulate matter that
is retained on a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105°C, as determined by following the procedures outlined
in these test methods.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
It is that particulate matter that is retained on a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105°C, as determined by
following the procedures outlined in these test methods.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water and
wastewater, and in monitoring of streams.
4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide a
matrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair respiration of organisms. These solids may create nuisance slime
beds and odors while imposing a long-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.
4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading can
aid in determining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such information may
also be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment. Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costs
money.
4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Stream
improvements, water pollution monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasons
streams are monitored.
5. Interferences
5.1 For some samples, chemical reactions may cause some materials to change from one phase to another. For example, in some
groundwaters, ferrous ions may form insoluble ferric hydroxides. Softened water high in carbonates may precipitate calcium
carbonate. In such cases, holding time may have a critical impact upon both the filterable and nonfilterable matter. Such samples
may have to be filtered in the field.
5.2 ThisThese test method ismethods are not meant to include nonrepresentative particulates such as leaves, sticks, insects, fish,
etc. These should be removed before the analysis.
D5907 − 18
5.3 Certain materials may be measured poorly, or not at all. Some materials may decompose or volatilize at the required
temperature. Other substances, such as glycerin or sulfuric acid, will remain liquid at the required temperature, giving variable
results. Oils and greases may present similar problems and can end up in either the filterable (TDS) or nonfilterable (TSS) portion.
5.4 Suspended solids samples high in dissolved matter, such as saline waters, brines, and some wastes, may be subject to a
positive interference by the retention of dissolved matter, such as salts and sugars, on the filter. Care must be taken in the final
rinsing of the filter so as to minimize this potential interferent. Additional washing may be necessary.
5.5 Clogging of the filter with too fine or too much material will prolong the filtering time and retain smaller particles that would
normally pass through the filter, thus giving elevated values to nonfilterable matter (TSS) and low values to the filterable matter
(TDS). Biological material, such as algae, may also prolong filtration time or plug the filter.
5.6 Some samples may be hygroscopic, requiring prolonged drying, extra careful desiccation, and rapid weighing. For filterable
matter (TDS), samples highly mineralized or high in bicarbonate may require careful and possibly prolonged drying. For the
bicarbonate, the extended drying may be needed to ensure complete conversion to carbonate.
5.7 Too much material retained on the filter may entrap water, and may also require extended drying time for the suspended
solids. For filterable matter (TDS), excessive residue in the dish may cause the formation of a water-trapping crust, giving elevated
values.
5.8 For some users, certain biological materials, such as algae, slimes, insects, or other small crustaceans, may be considered
to be positive interferences for nonfilterable matter (TSS). Modifications or adjustments may be needed to generate a better value.
An example is determining chlorophyll content to estimate the amount of algae present. Such modifications may be beyond the
scope of this test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 mg. For the high precision total dissolved solids method, the
recommended balance should have a capacity of 200 g and be capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mg.
6.2 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature between 103 and 105°C and between 178 and 182°C.
NOTE 1—To prevent dust and sample from being blown around, it is preferred that the oven for the particulate matter (TSS) be of a gravity convection
type. If this is not possible, samples should be shielded from the forced air of mechanical convection ovens.
6.3 Evaporating Dishes, 70-mL to 250-mL capacity, not to exceed 200 g in weight.
6.4 Glass Fiber Filters, without organic binder. 47-mm diameter filters are needed for the high precision TDS method when
field filtration is not utilized.
NOTE 2—Although there is no organic binder in these filters, they may contain a wet strength resin that is partially soluble. It is therefore important
to adequately prewash the filters as prescribed.
6.5 Membrane Filter Assembly—A borosilicate glass, stainless steel, or plastic funnel with a flat, fritted, or grid base so as to
provide uniform support and filterable surface. The top section of the funnel shall fit over the edge of the filter to provide a seal.
The top should be removable to allow easy access for removing the filter. A Gooch crucible with a fritted bottom may be used in
lieu of the funnel. A 47-mm filter assembly is needed for the high precision TDS method when field filtration is not used.
6.6 Planchet or Pan, made of aluminum or stainless steel, capable of supporting the filter when it is not on the filter assembly.
6.7 Vacuum Source.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Type I or II of Specification D1193. Type III or IV may be used if they effect no measurable change in the blank or sample.
8. Hazards
8.1 Care must be taken to ensure filter funnels and filtering flasks are in a sound state. Any tiny nick, scratch, or weakness in
glass flasks or other apparatus can create a potential for an implosion hazard. Wrapping a flask is not adequate protection in case
of an implosion. It is recommended that a solid shield, such as a plexiglass cage, be placed around any filtering flask.
9. Sampling
9.1 Collect the sample in accordance with the applicable ASTM standard as follows: Specification D1192 and Practices D3370.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
The balance prescribed in thisthese test methodmethods should be tested periodically according to Practice E319 or Test Method E898.
Millipore AP-40, Whatman 934-AH, Gelman type A/E, or equivalent, was specified for the round-robin.
D5907 − 18
9.1.1 If sampling is required from an open channel flow, use Guide D4411 and Test Methods D3977 on a separate sample bottle
to determine the sediment concentrations instead of the TSS.
9.1.2 The user of the method these test methods is advised to use a slurry rotary sample divider to obtain reproducible aliquots
of suspended solids for the TSS determination.
9.2 If the TDS concentration is shown to change as a function of time more than the repeatability measured in the interlaboratory
testing of the method for a particular sample matrix, it will be necessary to filter the sample in the field and transfer the sample
volume needed for the high precision TDS method to refrigerated sample collection bottles.
TEST METHOD A
FILTERABLE MATTER (TDS) AND NONFILTERABLE MATTER (TSS)
10. Summary of Test Method
10.1 A well-mixed sample is filtered through a weighed standard glass fiber filter. The suspended solids are retained on the filter,
which is dried at 105°C and weighed. The increased mass on the filter represents the nonfilterable matter (TSS).
10.2 The filtrate from 10.1 may be used to determine the filterable matter (TDS). The filtered sample (liquid phase) is evaporated
to dryness and heated to 180°C in a tared vessel to a constant weight.
11. Procedure
11.1 Prepare the glass fiber filters before use.
11.1.1 Place the glass fiber filter on the membrane filter assembly, or insert into the bottom of a suitable Gooch crucible, with
the wrinkled surface up. While a vacuum is applied, wash the disc with three successive volumes of water. Each volume of water
should be equal to 3 mL for each square centimetre of filterable surface area. For standard 47-mm filter holders with 35-mm
diameter funnels, this would be 30 mL for each wash for a total of 90 mL. Continue the vacuum until the free water has been
removed. Discard the washings.
NOTE 3—Proper washing is important for removing loose fiber and wet strength resins. One 90-mL wash is not as effective as three 30-mL washes.
NOTE 4—On some filters it may be difficult to tell which is the wrinkled side. Usually the opposite side has faint markings of the wire mesh used to
manufacture the filter mat.
11.1.2 Skip 11.1.3 and 11.1.4 if only filterable matter (TDS) is being determined.
11.1.3 Release the vacuum and carefully remove the filter with forceps. Place the filter on a planchet, and dry in an oven at 103
to 105°C for 1 h. Gooch crucibles with filter may be handled without the planchet.
11.1.4 Remove from the oven and place in a desiccator until cool. If the desiccation time exceeds 12 h, reheat and desiccate
again. Weigh the filter plus planchet to the nearest 0.1 mg just before using. After oven drying, the filter shall be handled only with
forceps, and the planchet or crucible shall be handled only with forceps, tongs, or lint-free gloves.
11.2 Preparation of the Evaporating Dish:
11.2.1 If filterable matter (TDS) is to be determined, heat a clean dish to 178 to 182°C in an oven for 1 h. After removing from
the oven, cool in desiccator and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg and record weight.
NOTE 5—The dish should be as small as practical to contain the volume of the sample plus the rinses. The relative mass of the dish needs to be kept
at a minimum in order to be able to measure small mass differences with any accuracy. This is because of the inherent difficulties of trying to control
temperature and moisture on a large mass within the requirements of the test. For larger volumes, it may be more practical to evaporate smaller increments,
refilling the dish when dry until all the sample is transferred.
NOTE 6—The dish should be made of a material that is inert to the sample. Materials such as aluminum will oxidize when heated with many liquids,
increasing the mass of the pan. Glass or light weight ceramic material is generally preferred.
11.3 Determine the proper sample volume.
11.3.1 Sample volume determination for nonfilterable matter (TSS).
11.3.1.1 Start with a volume of sample equal to about 10 mL/cm of filterable surface area. For the standard 47-mm filter holders
with 35-mm diameter funnels, this would be about 100 mL. If this fails to yield at least 2.5 mg of dry solids on the filter, increase
the sample volume until that mass is attained, a volume of 1 L is reached, or the “break point” in 11.3.1.3 is reached. Do not exceed
200 mg on the filter.
11.3.1.2 For other filter sizes, maintain at least 1 mg of dry solids per 4 cm of filterable surface area, with a minimum of 2.5
mg.
11.3.1.3 If the filtration time exceeds 5 min, develop a “break-point” curve (see 11.3.3). This process needs to be done only
when the character of a sample is unfamiliar or changes.
11.3.2 Sample volume determination for filterable matter (TDS).
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Quinn Model SS-001, for wet slurry division) known to the committee at this time is Quinn Process Equipment Co., 3400
Brighton Blvd., Denver, CO 80216. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5907 − 18
11.3.2.1 Choose a sample volume to yield between 2.5 and 200 mg. If more than 5 min is needed for the filtration, perform the
“break point” determination as in accordance with 11.3.3.
NOTE 7—If the solids are expected to be high, a known proportion of the total material, sample plus wash solution, that passed through the filter may
be used for the determination. For example, if 200 mL of sample was filtered and only 190 mL of liquid passed through the filter (with all free filterable
liquid passing through, leaving 10 mL of nonfilterable solids retained on the filter), the total volume of filtrate would be 250 mL, including the wash water.
If a 100-mL portion of the filtrate could be used for the filterable solids test, the final mass of dried solids weighed would have to be divided by 0.4 to
account for the 40 % proportion of the sample used.
11.3.3 Break-Point Determination:
11.3.3.1 Place filter in the filtering apparatus. For this procedure, the filter needs no preparation. Add a small, known volume
of sample that will filter rapidly and time how long it takes to filter.
11.3.3.2 Repeat 11.3.3.1, increasing the volume until it can be determined at what point the filtration rate drops off rapidly.
11.3.3.3 Plot the time versus the volume filtered. Select the proper volume as that just short of the time that a significant change
in filtration rate occurs. An example of a break point curve is shown in Appendix X1.
NOTE 8—If at least 2.5 mg of material cannot be retained on the filter because of plugging, a larger diameter filtration system is suggested. Fritted
membrane style filter holders range in sizes up to 9 cm in diameter.
11.3.4 Analyze sample volumes of less than 20 mL by diluting 100 mL to 1 L and running the diluted sample. This is to assure
that a representative sample is obtained. Pipetting is generally discouraged since the pipet tip can act as a filter.
11.4 Assemble the filter apparatus with the prepared filter (see 11.1) and start the suction. If the filter is not sealed around the
edges by the funnel, such as in the case with a Gooch crucible, wet the filter with a small volume of water to seat it to the base
or support. If filterable matter is to be determined, be sure the suction flask is clean.
NOTE 9—If the sample size is small, it may be convenient to place a smaller container, such as a large test tube, into the vacuum flask in order to catch
the sample and rinses for filterable matter.
11.5 Mix the sample thoroughly, and quickly transfer a volume of sample as determined in 11.2 into a “to contain,” or TC,
graduated cylinder. Pour this measured sample onto the filter and continue to apply suction until all traces of water have passed
through.
NOTE 10—Because of the nature of TSS, it is important to thoroughly mix each sample immediately before every aliquot is taken. Many suspended
solids settle rapidly, giving a distorted sample if not carefully mixed and quickly sampled.
11.6 With the suction still on, wash the graduated cylinder, the filter, and particulate matter, and the funnel wall with three
portions of water, allowing complete drainage between washing. Each portion of wash water should be about 2 mL/cm of
filterable surface. For a 47-mm filter with a 35-mm diameter funnel, the volume of each portion should be 20 mL, for a total of
60 mL. If filterable matter is being run, save the wash water with the sample.
NOTE 11—For nonfilterable matter (TSS) samples with high dissolved solids contents, such as seawater and brine solutions, small increments of extra
wash water may be required. Tests such as conductivity, chloride, dissolved solids, etc. can be used to determine when there are no significant dissolved
solids in the wash water. For filterable matter (TDS), this generally is not a significant problem.
11.7 After the filter has been sucked dry, release the vacuum and carefully remove the filter from the filtering apparatus and
place on the planchet, or remove the Gooch crucible from the crucible holder.
11.8 If filterable matter is being determ
...